Protocols

Standard ecological method for estimating local plant density by measuring distances to nearest individuals in four compass quadrants from a central point.

Systematic sampling method using point-intercept technique to measure plant species diversity and calculate PIE diversity index in experimental plots.

Simulates alternating H and V polarized radar pulses with controlled time separation to overcome decorrelation limitations in spaceborne Doppler radar measurements. Incorporates realistic crosstalk co...

Nonlinear function fitting using seed=(k*pollen)/(β+pollen) where k represents maximum seed set and β represents saturation parameter, analyzed using SAS NLIN procedure.

Laboratory assay testing pollen viability under different water exposure treatments using germination medium and microscopic analysis.

Assessment of female reproductive success in relation to pollen availability indices to understand how sex ratio changes affect population-level reproduction.

Use of pollen analog particles to characterize dispersal patterns and develop distance-weighted pollen availability indices based on Lomax distribution modeling

Fixed flowers were processed through staining and clearing to visualize and count pollen tubes that had grown down the style to assess fertilization success. This involved fixation in ethanol:acetic a...

A method for quantifying floral trait combinations and comparing them to idealized pollination syndromes using multidimensional scaling in phenotype space. Plant species are scored for 41 binary trait...

Dynamic snow identification algorithm using polynomial curves to classify snow pixels based on RGB color values. Adapts thresholds based on lighting conditions using red/blue ratios with additional wh...

Population genetic analysis using pooled sequencing data to estimate nucleotide diversity across chromosomes and validate sex chromosome identity through coverage analysis.

Comparative analysis of genome assembly improvement using pooled vs individual Illumina short reads for polishing long-read assemblies, assessed using BUSCO completeness metrics.

A framework for testing geological hypotheses using geophysical data that integrates Monte Carlo simulation, dimension reduction, and Bayesian updating to account for uncertainty in both model paramet...

Regression analysis of population density over time to quantify decline rates, followed by statistical comparison between treatment groups.

Estimation of natural loss rates using analysis of covariance on slopes of linear regressions from time series of ln-transformed larval densities.

Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) measurements of light scattering by particles passing through a laser beam to determine particle size distributions from 140 nm to 3.4 μm diameter. Instru...

Long-term observation of plant community recovery following wildfire disturbance, focusing on seed bank activation and succession patterns

Annual censuses tracking individual plants through life stages and post-fire habitat succession states to quantify fire-adapted demographic processes.

Controlled predation experiments in field or laboratory enclosures with known numbers of alternative prey species to test hypotheses about selective predation and measure predation rates. Compares pre...

Standardization of environmental variables measured on different scales followed by principal components analysis to reduce dimensionality and identify major axes of environmental variation.

A PCA was used to reassign values for growth, reproduction, and defense measurements, and ratios between these categories were calculated for each plant population.

Regular sampling and counting of protist populations in microcosm bottles using Lugol's fixation and microscopic identification.

A standardized method for measuring floral orientation using a protractor with suspended weight to determine the angle of flowers relative to vertical axis.

Field plants were inoculated with different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria using blunt syringes to create infected and control treatments for studying plant-insect interactions.

Extraction of total genomic DNA from individual caddisfly larvae using Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit with automated QiaCube processing after manual tissue homogenization.

Standardized sampling of sedge using subdivided quadrats with random selection of sampling locations within each quadrat to ensure unbiased collection.

Systematic transect survey around pond perimeters to document and categorize cattle presence based on visual evidence of fresh tracks, trampling, and defecation signs. Categorized into four ordinal le...

Development of a mathematical framework to predict when animals should integrate multisensory stimuli based on uncertainty, predator probability, and cost-benefit ratios. Uses signal detection theory ...

Standardized protocol for assessing tree health status using categories of healthy, damaged, and dead based on crown condition, structural integrity, and cambium viability via scratch test.

Custom-built RFID system using paired antenna cards and microSD data logging to continuously track individual bee movements in and out of nest boxes. System records timestamps for each entrance and ex...

Bioinformatics pipeline for processing RNA-seq reads including quality control, mapping to reference genome, and statistical analysis of differential gene expression using mixed models.

Standardized measurement of rabbitbrush plant fitness through seed production per initial flower bud and growth via allometric modeling. Includes flower bud counts, seed bagging and harvest, and nonde...

T-matrix and DDA computational methods to simulate radar scattering properties of ice particles with various shapes and orientations. Used to interpret observed radar signatures and constrain particle...

Daily tracking of radio-marked female grouse to locate nests and determine nest success through triangulation and minimal-disturbance monitoring until nest fate determination.

Collection of outermost growth rings from dead wood samples, chemical pretreatment using AAA method, and accelerator mass spectrometry analysis to determine time since tree death. Calendar ages estima...

A methodology using random forest algorithms to fill missing values in sub-hourly groundwater monitoring data with entropy-based uncertainty quantification.

Machine learning approach using Random Forest algorithms to downscale coarse resolution climate data to higher spatial resolution using topographic predictors. Models are trained on relationships betw...

A method for randomly selecting individual willow shrubs using numbered grid overlays on Google Maps with random number generators to select coordinate points, followed by compass-based selection when...

Computer-based randomization procedure to generate F-statistics and probability values for factorial designs when data cannot be normalized through transformation.

Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs used to calculate clear-sky broadband radiation fluxes. Uses atmospheric profile inputs to estimate what radiation would be in absence of clouds for comparison ...

Species diversity technique adapted for song analysis that standardizes sampling effort across individuals to provide comparable repertoire size estimates using rarefaction curves.

A custom ray tracing algorithm that generates shade masks for hyperspectral imagery by calculating paths between the sun, ground points, and sensor using solar geometry, sensor view angles, and digita...

High-resolution regional climate modeling using RegCM_4.4.5 to simulate North American Monsoon dynamics under different Last Interglacial orbital configurations. Uses MIT-Emanuel convection scheme wit...

A method for generating field sampling locations using multiple remote sensing datasets to ensure environmental similarity between study and reference areas. Combines elevation, vegetation indices, an...

Integrative model combining photosynthesis measurements, respiration estimates, and total nonstructural carbohydrate analysis to calculate carbon allocation to reproduction.

Factorial resource treatments including water addition (400ml, 4x weekly) and water plus NPK fertilization (20-20-20 at 4ml/L weekly) delivered via drip irrigation to test resource limitation effects ...

A substitutive and additive design varying relative densities of two organisms to determine dynamics between taxa. Uses four relative abundances at three biomass levels to test competition, facilitati...

Anoxic porewater collection using Rhizon samplers at 130-180 cm depth with immediate filtration through multiple membrane sizes under N2-purged conditions to preserve redox state of Fe-bearing colloid...

Measurement of head capsule widths across larval instars to assess morphological differentiation between coexisting Rhyacophila species, combined with analysis of species coexistence patterns and prey...

Qualitative field survey to assess the success of riparian habitat restoration through visual observation of vegetation recovery, wildlife activity, and erosion indicators.