molecular
DNA barcoding (Apidae)
Standard DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial COI barcode region and nuclear PEPCK gene from museum and field specimens to generate phylogenetic data for species delimitation.
molecular
reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) (Animalia)
A multi-step molecular protocol involving RNA extraction, reverse transcription, PCR amplification using consensus primers, TA cloning, and bidirectional Sanger sequencing to characterize genetic vari...
