Protocols

Stepped-temperature thermal analysis to quantify readily oxidizable organic carbon (OC400), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and residual organic carbon (ROC) fractions with different thermal stabilities...

Experimental removal of 0-5 stigma lobes from gynodioecious Geranium flowers to test the relationship between stigma lobe pollination and ovule fertilization. Includes emasculation of hermaphrodites t...

Targeted survey sampling approach visiting public facilities and community organizations to ensure representative demographic sampling, with specific targeting of lower-income residents and bilingual ...

Stratified random sampling approach that categorizes trees by canopy volume and neighborhood density using kernel density estimation, then randomly selects representatives from each stratum.

Artificial reduction of stream flow using rock and sand bag dams with plastic tube diversions to simulate low-flow conditions in mountain streams.

Qualitative mapping of plant patches along stream channels and associated wetland areas. Patches are grouped into plots and characterized by density and extent relative to stream features and landscap...

Large-scale manipulation technique using backpack electroshocker to reduce invertebrate densities across a 50-meter stream reach through induced drift, with daily treatments maintained for two weeks. ...

Systematic sampling and isotopic analysis of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and sulfur from carbonate and sulfate minerals to determine paleoenvironmental conditions. Integration of multiple isotopic syst...

Sequential extraction and ICP-MS analysis of soil pools and plant tissues to trace nutrient sources using 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Includes mixing model calculations to quantify proportional contributions fr...

Application of structural equation modeling to test causal relationships between venation density, leaf area, leaf mass per area and photosynthetic rates predicted by venation theory.

Analysis of fracture patterns, vein orientations, and structural intersections to determine the structural controls on ore deposition and localization of uranium-bearing ore shoots.

Neural network-based artistic interpretation of landscape photographs using generative adversarial networks to create data sculptures.

Analysis of δ34S in dissolved sulfate from groundwater samples to identify sulfate reduction processes. Rayleigh fractionation modeling used to quantify biological sulfate reduction with fractionation...

Surface sterilization and cultivation of leaf endophytes from grass blade segments using ethanol and sodium hypochlorite sterilization followed by plating on culture medium. Isolates were maintained u...

High-resolution X-ray imaging of leaf venation networks using synchrotron light sources with both absorption and phase contrast approaches. Samples are mounted on translation stages and imaged with mo...

Using synteny analysis with a closely related reference genome to arrange contigs into chromosome-level scaffolds using MUMmer alignment and RagTag scaffolding.

Method for collecting and analyzing volatile organic compounds from yeast-inoculated synthetic nectar using headspace sampling with scent traps and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identification.

Comprehensive database and web-based literature search followed by systematic organization around specific research questions to synthesize knowledge on unpaved road effects on hydrology in semiarid e...

Comprehensive database search and categorization of oxytocin studies over 60 years, focusing on distinguishing experimental approaches and behavioral contexts. Uses standardized search terms and itera...

Targeted collection of fossil insects and fish from finely laminated limestone beds to determine paleoenvironmental conditions and biotic associations. Focus on well-preserved specimens that can provi...

Weekly monitoring of flagged individual plants for morphological traits (height, rosette diameter, branching, fruit number) and phenological stage using a 5-point scale from rosette to senescence. Inc...

Field measurement technique for determining plant metabolic rates across species in natural communities. Used to generate empirical data for comparison with theoretical MaxEnt predictions.

A standardized survey protocol measuring scientific integration constructs including self-efficacy, identity, values alignment, and career intentions before and after URE participation. Uses establish...

Retrieval of vertical temperature and water vapor profiles using infrared spectroscopy with optimal estimation physical retrieval method. Provides high temporal resolution (5-minute) profiles with det...

Established methods for quantifying wind transport and redistribution of snow from cleared areas into avalanche starting zones.

Surgical implantation of radio transmitters in the abdominal cavity with electrodes positioned on either side of the heart to monitor heart rate via radio telemetry during natural behaviors. Heart rat...

Linear regression analyses testing relationships between daily temperature deviations and hummingbird visitation rates. Multiple analytical approaches including yearly regressions, temperature binning...

Controlled temperature treatments of fungal isolates with daily digital monitoring of growth area over 14 days to assess temperature effects on growth rates.

Stepwise heating of rock specimens to progressively remove magnetic components and identify magnetic carriers through their unblocking temperature spectra.

Classification system for identifying and categorizing thermally driven wind days based on diurnal wind direction patterns. Distinguishes between short and long upvalley wind duration based on timing ...

Method for computing areal precipitation amounts from point measurements using polygon weighting to account for spatial distribution of rainfall across watersheds.

Creates spatial influence zones around fire-scar sites using Thiessen polygons, then estimates fire rotation based on different assumptions about fire spread and burned area calculations within polygo...

A comprehensive protocol for extracting stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from mammalian tooth enamel to reconstruct paleodiet and paleoenvironmental conditions. Involves enamel isolation, chemical pu...

Systematic identification and analysis of mountain passes crossing drainage divides using detailed topographic maps to reconstruct former drainage patterns and interpret geomorphological evolution. Th...

Systematic variation of hillslope angle using synthetic regular topography to isolate topographic effects on weathering dynamics and carbon partitioning from other environmental variables.

Multi-person protocol for high-precision surveying using Total Station equipment with millimeter accuracy capabilities

Field survey of Tragopogon populations across elevation gradient with morphological measurements and cluster analysis to classify individuals into species and hybrid categories. Uses multiple morpholo...

Statistical modeling approach using species traits (body mass, development rate, diet composition, habitat preferences) to predict detritus processing rates and generate additive assemblage-level pred...

Creation and analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing candidate genes from study species to test gene function and allelic effects. Uses heterologous expression system to isolate gene effec...

Experimental manipulation of treehopper nymph densities on individual plants using controlled additions of 0, 20, or 80 individuals per plant, followed by weekly monitoring of herbivore and ant abunda...

A field experiment transferring treehoppers between host plants of different species to test chemical camouflage effectiveness. Nymphs are moved from native to novel hosts and survival is measured aft...

Systematic testing of 107 published PCR primer pairs from multiple gene regions to identify those that successfully amplify target sequences in caddisfly species. Includes PCR amplification, gel verif...

The Demographic Distribution Model was calibrated by testing multiple cutoff values and selecting the one that maximized the True Skill Statistic for presence/absence classification.

Analysis of variance to test differences in flowering timing between habitat types, followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests when ANOVA results are significant.

Novel two-stage modeling approach incorporating uncertainty in bacterial load estimation. First stage models bacterial load estimator vs herbivore damage, second stage predicts CFU values with uncerta...

Unmanned aerial vehicle flights with multispectral camera to capture georeferenced imagery of forest canopy in five spectral bands, with radiometric calibration using reference panel and downwelling l...

Calculation of Nei's genetic distances between all sample pairs followed by UPGMA clustering and significance testing through computer simulation to identify genetically similar groups.

Standardized federal response protocol for investigating suspected vesicular stomatitis cases involving veterinary reporting, field investigation by trained diagnosticians, laboratory confirmation, an...

Comprehensive network of 17 stream-gauging stations with continuous discharge measurements, water quality sampling, and rating curve development across major tributaries of a mountainous watershed.

Processing of daily mean streamflow observations to area-normalized annual totals using naturalized streamflow records that account for upstream diversions and consumptive uses.