Protocols

Using Generalized Additive Models to estimate emergence, peak, and senescence timing from sparse time-series abundance data. Models fit abundance curves and extract phenological metrics from first and...

Integration of field GPS coordinates with multiple spatial datasets (elevation, slope, land cover, climate) to characterize environmental conditions at population locations. Uses established spatial d...

Aqueous CO2 concentrations determined by headspace equilibration in glass bottles followed by IRGA analysis of extracted headspace gas with correction factors applied.

Method for extracting and analyzing historical herbarium specimen data to reconstruct the life and career patterns of past collectors, including temporal and spatial analysis of collecting activities.

Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery processed through continental-scale algorithms to create vegetation index time series and estimate phenophase transition timing at 30 m resolution.

Comprehensive search of Web of Science databases for manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon cycling responses to global change drivers, followed by systematic screening, data extraction, and q...

PCR amplification of microsatellite loci followed by capillary electrophoresis for allele sizing and polymorphism assessment.

Generation of null models that maintain interaction totals per species while randomizing interaction patterns, followed by permutation tests to assess significance of observed network metrics relative...

Use of remote sensing data to determine snowmelt timing and map marmot colony boundaries. Combines satellite imagery analysis with ground-truthed colony locations to quantify seasonal and habitat vari...

Detailed measurement of acoustic parameters from spectrograms to quantify song characteristics and calculate vocal individuality metrics.

Extraction of iron and manganese from sediments using 0.5 N HCl with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in anaerobic conditions, followed by ICP-AES analysis. This method targets metals associated with reduc...

Comprehensive approach calculating potential evapotranspiration using three established methods (Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith) and actual evapotranspiration using the Budyko model. Provid...

Construction of genealogies from long-term observational data and estimation of coefficients of relatedness using Hamilton's method with assumptions about mating system and paternity.

Calculation of cumulative growing degree days from weather station data using species-specific base temperatures, correlated with biological events through linear regression to assess temperature-depe...

Separation of sediment organic carbon into free light fraction (FLF), occluded light fraction (OLF), and heavy fraction (HF) using sodium polytungstate density separation at 1.65 g/mL with sonication ...

Statistical analysis of pollinator diversity using Shannon Diversity Index with ANOVA and post-hoc testing to compare plant visitation diversity between pollinator groups.

PERMANOVA testing of volatile composition differences across species and years, with NMDS visualization of chemical dissimilarity patterns.

Multiple candidate models incorporating different combinations of climate predictors were fitted and ranked using Akaike Information Criterion to select optimal models for demographic functions.

Sanger sequencing of BCMA3 alleles from natural accessions combined with Nanopore long-read genome assembly to identify structural genetic variants affecting glucosinolate biosynthesis.

Statistical analysis of flower constancy using Bateman's index and modified Cindex with randomization tests to determine whether butterflies exhibit constant foraging behavior.

Analysis of larval fecal pellets to assess digestive efficiency by measuring frass mass relative to provision mass and quantifying undigested pollen grains using microscopy and staining techniques.

Quantification of vocal individuality using principal component analysis followed by ANOVA and Beecher's information statistic calculation to measure inter-individual variation relative to intra-indiv...

A novel approach that captures the difference in concentration in a river segment over the difference in discharge, accounting for gains, losses or fractional solute turnover between sampling stations...

Conditional Neutrality-Antagonistic Pleiotropy analysis estimates realized selection coefficients and uses permutation tests to identify genome-wide patterns of fitness trade-offs across environments ...

DNA extraction using modified Chelex protocols followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene to assess genetic variation within and among mayfly populatio...

Processing of gridded climate data from the CRU TS3.1 dataset with lapse rate adjustment for elevation differences between grid cells and actual study locations, validated against local meteorological...

Root systems around Castilleja plants are excavated, cleaned, and examined microscopically to identify haustorium-host connections for direct detection of parasitic relationships. Host species are ide...

Chromosome-specific BAC contigs of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as painting probes to analyze mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of C. cordifolia. Fluorescent signals were detected and analyzed to dete...

Semi-parametric survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard models to test effects of maternal, social, and environmental covariates on annual survival probability while allowing baseline hazard t...

Extraction of cuticular compounds from individual bee specimens using n-pentane solvent followed by gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detection for chemical profile characterization. ...

Deionized water extraction of sediments following Gregorich and Carter (2007) to measure dissolved nutrients and organic carbon. Designed to minimize physical disruption and reflect carbon and nutrien...

A systematic approach to creating identification keys by compiling species lists from authoritative sources, gathering morphological descriptions, and structuring binary choices that eliminate possibi...

Novel framework using collocated slanted W-band and vertical Ka-band radars to isolate microphysical processes within turbulent layers by comparing radar observations above and below the turbulent lay...

Laboratory analysis of plant samples for nitrogen content using elemental CHNSO analyzer and water content determination through oven-drying weight loss.

Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis of ground needle samples to quantify functional group concentrations including aromatics, ethers, amides, and carbonyls. Uses attenuated-total-reflecti...

Bayesian mixed effects modeling of body size distributions using four statistical moments (mean, variance, skew, kurtosis) to characterize trait filtering processes. Uses robust measures and hierarchi...

Statistical approach to identify correlations between species traits and environmental variables by calculating Pearson correlations between climate variables and trait values across species, weighted...

Systematic search and compilation of published records of D. geminata blooms with associated soluble reactive phosphorus measurements to characterize global patterns.

Collection of aphid honeydew on aluminum foil substrates followed by LC-MS/MS analysis to quantify sugar and amino acid composition as indicators of plant quality and ant-aphid mutualism benefits.

Combined use of major ion chemistry and Sr isotope signatures to identify distinct groundwater end members and quantify their contributions to stream flow using PCA-based end member mixing analysis.

Region-growing algorithm that iteratively incorporates LiDAR points into candidate tree canopies starting from seed locations identified as local height maxima with height-dependent neighborhoods.

Photographic analysis using ImageJ software with ellipsis tool to quantify percent vegetation coverage around each sampling point as a fraction of total photographed area.

Modified gut content analysis method that estimates feeding intensity by counting the proportion of abdominal segments containing food rather than identifying specific prey items.

Field identification of lichen species using chemical spot tests with potassium hydroxide, morphological examination with hand lens, and comparison to field guide keys.

Magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method using Sargasso Sea water to concentrate low-level soluble reactive phosphorus samples 70-fold prior to colorimetric analysis.

Manual identification and curation of large genome fragments using GC content, coverage patterns, and taxonomic profiles to assemble complete extrachromosomal genomes.

Comprehensive Hidden Markov Model analysis of metagenomic sequences to identify and quantify metabolic functions across biogeochemical pathways. Uses both standardized TIGR-FAM and custom HMM database...

Calculation of individual animal home ranges using 95% minimum convex polygons from location data, with specific criteria for minimum observation requirements.

Systematic comparison of modeled precipitation against station observations and multiple gridded datasets using percent error calculations and spatial pattern analysis. Includes seasonal decomposition...

Applies multiple clustering algorithms (K-means, hierarchical clustering, Gaussian mixture models) to hillslope feature vectors to identify watershed zones with similar characteristics. Uses model sel...