Protocols

Stepped-temperature thermal analysis to quantify readily oxidizable organic carbon (OC400), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and residual organic carbon (ROC) fractions with different thermal stabilities...

Systematic sampling and isotopic analysis of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and sulfur from carbonate and sulfate minerals to determine paleoenvironmental conditions. Integration of multiple isotopic syst...

Sequential extraction and ICP-MS analysis of soil pools and plant tissues to trace nutrient sources using 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Includes mixing model calculations to quantify proportional contributions fr...

Application of structural equation modeling to test causal relationships between venation density, leaf area, leaf mass per area and photosynthetic rates predicted by venation theory.

Analysis of δ34S in dissolved sulfate from groundwater samples to identify sulfate reduction processes. Rayleigh fractionation modeling used to quantify biological sulfate reduction with fractionation...

Method for collecting and analyzing volatile organic compounds from yeast-inoculated synthetic nectar using headspace sampling with scent traps and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identification.

Comprehensive database and web-based literature search followed by systematic organization around specific research questions to synthesize knowledge on unpaved road effects on hydrology in semiarid e...

Comprehensive database search and categorization of oxytocin studies over 60 years, focusing on distinguishing experimental approaches and behavioral contexts. Uses standardized search terms and itera...

Linear regression analyses testing relationships between daily temperature deviations and hummingbird visitation rates. Multiple analytical approaches including yearly regressions, temperature binning...

Classification system for identifying and categorizing thermally driven wind days based on diurnal wind direction patterns. Distinguishes between short and long upvalley wind duration based on timing ...

Method for computing areal precipitation amounts from point measurements using polygon weighting to account for spatial distribution of rainfall across watersheds.

Creates spatial influence zones around fire-scar sites using Thiessen polygons, then estimates fire rotation based on different assumptions about fire spread and burned area calculations within polygo...

A comprehensive protocol for extracting stable carbon and oxygen isotopes from mammalian tooth enamel to reconstruct paleodiet and paleoenvironmental conditions. Involves enamel isolation, chemical pu...

Systematic identification and analysis of mountain passes crossing drainage divides using detailed topographic maps to reconstruct former drainage patterns and interpret geomorphological evolution. Th...

Statistical modeling approach using species traits (body mass, development rate, diet composition, habitat preferences) to predict detritus processing rates and generate additive assemblage-level pred...

Systematic testing of 107 published PCR primer pairs from multiple gene regions to identify those that successfully amplify target sequences in caddisfly species. Includes PCR amplification, gel verif...

The Demographic Distribution Model was calibrated by testing multiple cutoff values and selecting the one that maximized the True Skill Statistic for presence/absence classification.

Analysis of variance to test differences in flowering timing between habitat types, followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests when ANOVA results are significant.

Novel two-stage modeling approach incorporating uncertainty in bacterial load estimation. First stage models bacterial load estimator vs herbivore damage, second stage predicts CFU values with uncerta...

Calculation of Nei's genetic distances between all sample pairs followed by UPGMA clustering and significance testing through computer simulation to identify genetically similar groups.

Processing of daily mean streamflow observations to area-normalized annual totals using naturalized streamflow records that account for upstream diversions and consumptive uses.

Statistical correction method to account for snow particle orientation effects when comparing slanted and vertical radar observations, derived from empirical offset analysis.

WGCNA method to identify modules of coexpressed genes and relate them to phenotypic traits, specifically dispersal behavior in this study.

Statistical analysis using Wald test to identify taxa with significant abundance changes between treatment and control conditions, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing.

Wald tests were used to correlate temporal changes in tundra vegetation response groups with summer temperature changes and environmental interaction terms. Multiple testing corrections were applied t...

Validates identified zones using independent datasets of watershed functions including drought sensitivity derived from satellite NDVI timeseries and nitrogen export from streamflow chemistry. Tests w...

Collection and analysis of daily temperature data to calculate deviations from long-term averages. Multi-year averages are computed and compared to daily values to quantify temperature anomalies.

Calculation of community-weighted mean proboscis lengths for plant visitors using historical morphological data combined with observed visitation frequencies.

Two-sample Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test used for comparing floral traits between sites and treatments when data failed normality tests.

Field collection of Ligusticum porteri roots followed by methanol extraction and HPLC-UV analysis to quantify five secondary metabolites. Method adapted from previously published work by Rivero et al....

Principal component analysis of bioclimatic variables from WorldClim database to derive environmental predictors for population comparisons.

Extraction of climatic and vegetation variables from online databases including WorldClim2 for temperature and precipitation data and MODIS for vegetation indices. Includes calculation of derived metr...

Modified acetyl bromide procedure to determine acid-insoluble carbon fraction (lignin) in plant litter samples for calculating litter quality indices.

Filtration, drying, and combustion protocol to determine ash-free dry mass of suspended organic matter in water samples.

Analysis of citation patterns over time using Web of Science database to track influence and impact of Janzen's 1967 article through April 2017.

Application of circular statistics to analyze year-round flowering patterns, converting flowering dates to radians and using circular mixed-effects models to test for temporal changes in phenology.

Extension of the Lande-Arnold selection analysis using partial regression to partition selection among individual and group social phenotypes. This method scales phenotypic levels and partitions selec...

In vitro analysis of purified enzyme variants to determine catalytic activity differences caused by amino acid polymorphisms. Direct measurement of protein function underlying ecological phenotypes.

Flow injection chemiluminescence method for hydrogen peroxide quantification using FeLume system with acridinium ester reagent. Sensitive detection method for low-concentration H₂O₂ in natural waters.

Statistical analysis using GLMMs with nested random effects to account for non-independence of flowers within plants within sites, testing effects of pollen loads on carpel abortion and seed productio...

Selection analysis using Aster models to account for individuals dying before trait expression (invisible fraction). Links family-level trait data with fitness components across multiple life history ...

Two-part statistical model using Bayesian methods to analyze both presence/absence and amount of damage, accounting for zero-inflation in damage data.

Statistical method to compare species richness across samples with different sampling efforts by generating rarefaction curves. Uses individual-based approach to generate rate of visitor richness accu...

Alternative species groupings using k-means and hierarchical agglomerative clustering based on multivariate trait data. Compared explanatory power and species composition to traditional functional gro...

Statistical approach using log response ratios to calculate effect sizes for genetic and environmental treatments, with confidence intervals used to assess significance.

Construction and parameterization of periodic matrix population models to project population dynamics under different scenarios of environmental periodicity strength.

Laboratory analysis of total carbon and nitrogen content in small arthropod specimens using dry micro-Dumas combustion followed by GC-MS analysis with acetamilde and atropine standards for normalizati...

DNA extraction from ant specimens followed by PCR amplification of microsatellite loci and relatedness estimation using maximum likelihood methods based on population allele frequencies.

Regression analysis applied to simulated water table declines across nested catchments to identify relationships between topographic characteristics, vegetation cover, and groundwater response to clim...

Occupancy models fitted to estimate species detectability and habitat use while correcting for imperfect detection, using human activity and environmental covariates. Model selection performed using A...