Protocols

Standardized chlorination procedure to simulate drinking water treatment and quantify the potential for organic matter to form regulated disinfection byproducts under controlled conditions.

Species-level phylogenetic reconstruction using thousands of single-copy orthologous genes with coalescent-based species tree estimation.

Swiss avalanche dynamics program used to calculate runout distance, flow thickness, velocity and impact pressure by modeling avalanche flow physics with calibrated friction parameters.

Calculation of tree biomass increment through repeat diameter measurements combined with allometric equations, plus litterfall collection to estimate total aboveground productivity.

Measurement of radiocarbon content in bulk sediments and density fractions using accelerator mass spectrometry after acid fumigation pretreatment to remove inorganic carbon.

Stream discharge measurement using acoustic doppler velocimetry with systematic cross-sectional velocity measurements integrated to calculate total flow.

Broadcasting and re-recording sounds at increasing distances in different habitats to quantify degradation patterns using spectrogram correlation analysis. Assesses how acoustic signals change with tr...

Standardized protocol for inducing acute stress in amphibians through manual restraint to measure stress hormone response over time. Includes baseline sampling followed by stress induction and tempora...

Numerical experiments to test whether sum of SARs for taxonomic subgroups equals the SAR for the entire assemblage under METE predictions.

Analysis of high-resolution aerial photography to quantify conifer cover around host plants using color thresholding and spatial buffering techniques.

Field measurement of the distance at which birds first orientate to an approaching threat, used as a proxy for detection distance across multiple species and geographic regions.

Pilot-scale biochemical reactor using limestone-buffered organic substrate with bacterial inoculum for anaerobic treatment of mining influenced wastewater under harsh alpine conditions. System operate...

Standardized collection of lake water samples from deepest point using submersible pumps with macrozooplankton exclusion. Includes physical profiling and immediate chemical processing.

Systematic 10-minute bird observations at pond sites with defined zone-based recording of species identity, behaviors, and time spent. Includes 5-minute settling period and standardized behavior categ...

Field collection of salamanders from multiple sites with biosecurity measures including equipment sterilization between sites and controlled acclimation period before experimentation.

Anaerobic batch incubation experiments using sediment samples and artificial river water to monitor Fe(II) and Mn(II) production and release over time under controlled redox conditions.

Systematic examination of up to 100 flowers per individual male plant to detect and categorize presence of female reproductive structures (inconstant sex expression) based on style height and stigmati...

Standardized visual scoring system for flower color in Boechera stricta using 6-point scale from 0 (white) to 5 (purple) with intermediate pink/purple categories.

Oriented rock cubes are measured for directional magnetic susceptibility to determine fabric orientation and strength. Principal axes and confidence ellipses calculated using Jelinek statistics.

Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed under anoxic conditions using vacuum transfer holders to map elemental distributions in redox-sensitive particles.

Specialized sample sectioning and epoxy stabilization under anoxic conditions to preserve redox-sensitive microsites for X-ray analysis.

Selection of ant nests representing different abandonment times to study legacy effects. Nests categorized as active (2016), recently inactive (2013), and older inactive (2010) to create a temporal gr...

Experimental removal of workers of specific sizes from ant colonies to test effects on subsequent reproductive output. Workers were collected, measured, and selectively removed or returned to test siz...

Visual and quantitative assessment of pond habitat characteristics including depth, vegetation, sediment, and detritus to characterize pond environmental conditions.

Laboratory protocol for sorting aquatic samples and identifying invertebrate specimens using microscopy and taxonomic keys.

A systematic collection and presentation of case studies from art-science collaborative projects presented at a scientific conference. The method involves organizing presentation sessions, collecting ...

Standard method for determining inorganic ash content of plant materials by high-temperature combustion at 500°C for 4 hours.

Standard protocol for measuring organic matter decomposition by separating detritus into size fractions, oven-drying, weighing, and ashing to determine ash-free dry mass (AFDM). Accounts for inorganic...

Continuous measurement of aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations using standardized ARM instrumentation across multiple global sites representing diverse atmospheric c...

Calculation of reproductive synchrony using Augspurger's Index which quantifies the overlap of activity duration for each individual relative to the population, producing values from 0 to 1.

Time-lapse cameras and data loggers used to continuously monitor snow melt timing and air temperature to calculate growing degree days and assess treatment effectiveness.

Continuous automated collection of surface water samples from floodplain water bodies using programmable autosamplers with contamination prevention protocols and sample preservation.

Deployment of autonomous atmospheric surface flux stations (ASFSs) for continuous measurement of surface energy balance components including meteorology, radiation, and turbulent fluxes in remote high...

Linear transects used to quantify debris coverage as confirmation of avalanche disturbance impact. Percent debris calculated along fixed-length transects to characterize site conditions.

Use of Bias Correction and Spatial Disaggregation downscaled CMIP5 climate projections processed through VIC hydrologic model to generate future streamflow scenarios.

BEAST analysis using linked mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences with HKY substitution models and birth-death priors to estimate species-level phylogenetic relationships.

Measurement of specific surface area using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller modeled N₂ gas sorption isotherms for normalizing weathering rates.

Biological OsmoSampler System that preserves microbial communities in situ by adding preservative directly to the sample stream during collection. Enables molecular analysis of microbial communities f...

Protocol for isolating and maintaining pure bacterial cultures from plant leaf surfaces through surface sterilization, plating on selective media, and cryopreservation in glycerol stocks.

Surface sterilization of plant leaves followed by tissue plating on selective media to isolate bacterial endophytes and assess their growth characteristics and pathogenicity.

Growth assays testing bacterial ability to utilize different monosaccharides as carbon sources, with spectrophotometric monitoring of growth and HPLC quantification of residual sugars.

Fine-mesh bags were used to control pollinator access to flower stalks, allowing comparison of yeast densities between virgin and pollinator-exposed flowers. Nectar was extracted using calibrated micr...

Bayesian framework using Markov-chain Monte Carlo to infer groundwater residence time distributions from environmental tracer observations while quantifying parameter uncertainties.

Bayesian hierarchical Dirichlet regression models to analyze macronutrient composition patterns and niche overlap. Incorporates phylogenetic relationships and species traits to assess compositional di...

Multivariate capture-recapture models fitted in Bayesian framework to simultaneously estimate temporal variation and covariation in multiple demographic parameters. Uses multivariate normal distributi...

MCMC-based phylogenetic reconstruction using multiple gene fragments to establish evolutionary relationships among Prostigmata mites.

Bayesian inference method combining temperature index snow accumulation modeling with bucket hydrology to estimate basin mean precipitation from streamflow observations and snow remote sensing data. U...

A two-stage Bayesian hierarchical approach that identifies unique individuals across LiDAR scans by modeling observed locations as noisy transformations of latent true locations, then propagates linka...

A standardized method for collecting arthropods from vegetation by beating branches and foliage onto a collection sheet while using an aspirator to capture specimens. Sampling was conducted for exactl...

Calculation of bedrock weathering rates using base cation export measurements combined with transmissivity feedback methods for subsurface flow estimation. Uses correlations between specific conductan...