Protocols

Three-step process to harmonize cloud condensation nuclei measurements across different instrument supersaturation settings using polynomial interpolation to standard values.

Bayesian retrieval algorithm using oxygen A-band absorption to simultaneously retrieve cloud top pressure, surface albedo, and cloud optical thickness from four near-infrared spectral channels. Uses O...

Verification of host-pathogen relationships using CRISPR spacer targeting combined with phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic profiling to identify archaeal hosts of Borg elements.

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analysis at the carbon K-edge using synchrotron radiation to determine functional group composition of organic carbon in sediment samples.

Comparison of theoretical predictions against empirical species richness distributions from multiple census datasets across taxonomic groups. Tests agreement between predicted and observed ecological ...

A standardized method for estimating sampling completeness of species and interactions using the Chao1 estimator of asymptotic richness, providing measures of how completely a network represents the t...

A novel scoring system that quantifies coalition complexity by assessing three behavioral traits (mutual tolerance, collaboration, partner preference) in male mammals from literature sources. Each tra...

Application of community detection algorithms to alignment matrices to identify distinct groups of species positions with similar structural roles in plant-pollinator networks.

Systematic compilation of demographic datasets from multiple species across different taxonomic groups and life histories to enable comparative analysis of population sensitivity to environmental vari...

Development of graphical models and mathematical frameworks to categorize and analyze visitor-mediated trade-offs in floral evolution. Includes classification of phenotypic and opportunity trade-offs ...

Depth profile sampling and analysis to constrain erosion rates and inheritance using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be concentrations at different depths below surface. Uses Monte Carlo modeling to determine exposure a...

Standard method for determining exposure ages of rock surfaces using in-situ produced cosmogenic ¹⁰Be nuclides measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. Involves sample collection, quartz purificatio...

A comprehensive method for calculating multiple water productivity measures at the county scale using crop marketing revenues, production costs, and consumptive water use data to assess economic retur...

Mathematical framework deriving power-law relationships between pCO2 and equilibrium solute concentrations based on reaction stoichiometry and equilibrium constants. Applied to assess silicate weather...

Cryo-TEM analysis of colloidal particles involving vitrification of samples on holey carbon grids followed by high-resolution imaging at cryogenic temperatures to preserve native morphology.

Calculation of early life adversity by summing nine binary adversity measures experienced from emergence to sexual maturity, with adversity threshold set at upper quartile of population distribution.

A custom atmospheric correction procedure for VSWIR hyperspectral data that uses ACORN-6LX software with 200-meter processing kernels incorporating local topography and view-angle geometry to account ...

Analysis of citizen behavioral responses to government security threat level changes using polling data and government resource usage statistics. Used correlation and linear modeling to assess habitua...

Combined morphological identification using dissecting microscopy with DNA barcoding for genetic confirmation of species identities and morphospecies designation.

Application of d-excess calculations (δ²H - 8·δ¹⁸O) as a novel tracer for identifying high-elevation snowmelt contributions to streamflow based on elevation-dependent isotopic fractionation patterns.

Method to evaluate efficiency of microphysical schemes for converting water vapor flux to precipitation based on integrated vapor transport normalization. Uses atmospheric pressure and wind components...

Method adapted from EPA method 1312 for solid phase non-volatile extractions in wastewater using synthetic acid precipitation to simulate metal mobility under rainwater conditions.

A conceptual framework applying ecological stoichiometry principles to understand host-parasite interactions through elemental nutrition, homeostasis, and threshold elemental ratios.

Plant tissues were extracted in methanol and analyzed by electrospray mass spectrometry to identify and quantify norditerpene alkaloids. Mass spectra were recorded over 150-800 m/z range and alkaloid ...

EOF analysis applied to temperature deviations from 600 hPa free-air temperature to identify dominant spatial patterns of surface temperature variability. Uses singular value decomposition to extract ...

Application of the graphical NCE model to real predator-prey systems using published empirical data to parameterize growth and predation curves and generate predictions.

Mathematical derivation of analytical solutions for leaf temperature decoupling from energy balance equations using implicit differentiation. The approach yields exact solutions without numerical appr...

Development of species-specific epigenetic clocks using cross-mammalian methylation arrays and elastic-net penalized regression to predict chronological age from DNA methylation patterns.

Statistical method to test correlations between thorium excursion events and seismic events or precipitation, varying time windows and magnitude thresholds parametrically to assess significance of coi...

X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine lead coordination environments and speciation in soil samples. Uses linear combination fitting with reference standards to quantify different Pb phases.

F-tests followed by appropriate t-tests (equal or unequal variance) to compare mean pollinator visitation rates between invasive dandelions and native flowering species.

Colorimetric determination of ferrous iron concentrations using ferrozine reagent with spectrophotometric measurement at 562 nm absorption peak and calibration curve from standard solutions.

Systematic analysis of how multiple film genres intersect within a single work through examination of visual aesthetics, narrative conventions, and thematic elements. Focuses on identifying genre-spec...

Calculation of the standardized third-moment coefficient of skewness from phenological abundance distributions. This approach quantifies asymmetry in phenological timing without assuming distributiona...

Standard procedure for extracting uranium and metals from solid phase sediments using 5% nitric acid with end-over-end rotation for determination of total leachable concentrations.

Use of existing Forest Service FIA database to supplement field data with broader regional patterns across multiple counties and longer time periods.

Construction of custom Raman spectrometer using laser, beam splitter, lenses, filter, and CCD detector for analyzing carbonaceous materials. Light path designed to focus laser onto sample and collect ...

Assignment of biological trait scores using fuzzy coding approach with 0-3 scale indicating trait affinity strength across six functional grouping features for macroinvertebrate families.

Compilation and analysis of published plant population divergence data paired with evolvability estimates to test macroevolutionary predictions. Uses proportional divergence metrics and meta-analytica...

Comprehensive workflow from sample collection through statistical analysis for measuring plant volatile organic compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Includes standardized data process...

Model comparison approach using GLMMs to identify density effects on vital rates. Tests density-independent, uniform density-dependent, and size-dependent density responses using AIC selection.

Statistical analysis using Gaussian-distributed generalized linear models with data transformation to meet normality assumptions. Includes paired experimental design controls.

Analysis of spatial patterns in ecological data using geostatistical techniques to quantify spatial heterogeneity through nugget-to-sill ratios and autocorrelation ranges. This approach reveals patch ...

A comprehensive approach combining taxonomic standardization, climatic variable extraction, and statistical modeling to assess global patterns of wetland macroinvertebrate diversity in relation to cli...

Spectrophotometric measurement of glutathione reductase activity as an indicator of oxidative stress through GSSG-dependent oxidation of NAD(P)H at 340 nm.

A graphical framework that plots growth rate and predation rate as functions of defensive trait change to predict optimal trait expression and resulting nonconsumptive effects magnitude. The model dec...

Statistical method to extrapolate extreme event magnitudes (300-year return period) from historical data using extreme value distribution theory.

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanin production in both reproductive and vegetative plant tissues from dried herbarium specimens.

Classification of bird species into habitat preference categories based on published nesting preferences and local field observations to test habitat-specific responses to riparian proximity.

A Bayesian hierarchical model that allows phenotypic correlations between life history traits to vary continuously with environmental predictors using logit-link transformations. Accounts for both amo...