Concepts

Genomic bins reconstructed from metagenomic sequencing data representing individual microbial taxa

Statistical method for recognizing evolutionarily independent lineages based on genealogical patterns in molecular data

The identification of species from environmental DNA samples using target capture sequencing and database matching

Transfer of genetic material between organisms through mechanisms other than vertical inheritance

Chromosomes that determine sex, including different haplotypes in the sex-determining region

The study of the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific circumstances

Biochemical pathway producing anthocyanin pigments responsible for purple coloration

Age estimator based on DNA methylation levels that uses penalized regression to relate chronological age to methylation levels of individual cytosines

A small chemical modification that occurs in most cytosines that are followed by a guanine (CpGs) in mammalian genomes, serving as an epigenetic marker.

Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for ultrahigh-resolution molecular characterization

Computational identification and labeling of genes and other functional elements in genome sequences

Molecular technique using highly polymorphic DNA markers to assess genetic relationships among individuals

DNA sequences that can move or be transferred between different positions within genomes or between genomes

Clustered viral sequences representing distinct viral taxa based on genomic similarity thresholds

The proportion of aliphatic GS derived from branched-chain amino acid (Val and Ile) precursors, representing quantitative trait variation controlled by known biosynthetic locus

Chemical compounds with therapeutic or biological activity

Communication between the central and enteric nervous systems as a potential mechanism for microbiome-behavior relationships

Approach to compare genome features across multiple species to identify conserved and variable elements.

Genes that show significantly different expression levels between treatment conditions

Molecular chaperones that help cells cope with protein folding stress under adverse conditions

DNA amplification technique that amplifies circular DNA templates using phi29 DNA polymerase

Universal probe set targeting 353 gene regions for phylogenomic and metabarcoding studies of flowering plants

Branched Chain Methionine Allocation gene that controls ratios of glucosinolate types in Boechera stricta

A gene-editing technology that allows precise modification of DNA sequences

Method for identifying host-pathogen relationships through sequence identity between CRISPR spacers and target genomes

Adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes that provide resistance against mobile genetic elements

Bacteria from phyla lacking isolated representatives that consistently increase in abundance with depth

Three-step biochemical process of transamination, decarboxylation, and reduction that converts amino acids to higher alcohols

A transcription factor that controls expression of genes that mediate the negative effects of reduced IIS and is restricted from the nucleus when phosphorylated by Akt

Relative abundance of two major bacterial phyla associated with obesity and leanness respectively

Statistical models used to identify and characterize gene functions from metagenomic sequences

Major histocompatibility complex genes involved in antigen presentation and immune response

Small DNA viruses with circular single-stranded genomes that include families like Circoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Genomoviridae

Groups of CpG sites that show similar methylation patterns across samples

Alternative targeting of gene products to different cellular compartments through splice variants or targeting sequences

A JA-mimic produced by certain strains of P. syringae that causes the plant to inhibit SA production, allowing the bacteria to increase its virulence while encountering minimal defenses

The ability of molecular primers developed for one species to successfully amplify in related species

Waxy compounds on insect cuticle surface used for waterproofing and chemical communication

Changes in protein catalytic function through amino acid substitutions affecting substrate specificity or activity