Concepts

Duration that snowpack remains on the ground providing water inputs to trees

Temporal changes in groundwater storage volumes in response to climate variability and hydrologic forcing

The combined process of water evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and water transpiration from plant leaves, representing a major component of the water budget that increases with warming tempera...

The depth of water that would result from melting the snowpack, quantified as peak snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate

The bidirectional exchange of water between groundwater aquifers and surface water bodies including streams, with groundwater contributing baseflow to streams and streams providing recharge to groundw...

The frequency and duration of annual pond inundation vs. exposure, with categories including temporary ponds (dry annually in early summer), semi-permanent ponds (dry in late summer in most but not al...

Proportion of area covered by snow

The study of water cycling processes in mountainous terrain, including complex interactions between snowpack dynamics, topography, vegetation, and subsurface water storage

The degree to which water movement is facilitated or impeded through connected flow paths in subsurface sediments

Shallow subsurface zone where river and groundwater mix, serving as a source or sink of reactive nitrogen depending on water residence times and nitrogen transformation rates

Coupled modeling approach simulating surface and subsurface hydrologic processes including groundwater flow and particle tracking

Accounting framework where annual discharge equals precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus storage changes

Classification approach to identify hillslopes with similar hydrologic behavior based on physical and dynamic characteristics

The ratio of streamflow produced per unit of monsoon precipitation input compared to other seasonal water sources

Chemical composition of water occupying soil pore spaces, indicating mobility of dissolved constituents

A proxy for subsurface moisture conditions calculated as the log ratio between upslope contributing area and slope angle

October through September annual cycle used for water resource analysis

An approximation of non-water stressed evapotranspiration calculated using energy-only methods from net radiation estimates

Streambed and boggy areas around streams as well as uphill water flows that are critical regions for DOC concentrations

Naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) in water molecules used to trace water sources and movement through soil-plant systems

The relationship between solute concentrations and discharge in streams, widely used as a metric for interpreting interaction of hydrological processes, chemical transport, and mineral reactions in wa...

The spatial organization of sedimentary deposits and their hydraulic properties within floodplain aquifers

Future water flow estimates derived from climate model projections processed through hydrologic models

The movement of water from the soil to the plant's stomata which is then released into the atmosphere, serving as an indicator of plant water status

Distributions that provide fundamental insights on hydrological processes within watersheds by describing how long water spends underground

Temporary pond hydroperiod reduction that triggers behavioral and physiological responses in aquatic organisms

The division of water flow between different hydrological pathways including surface flow, shallow subsurface flow, and deep groundwater flow

Statistical distribution describing the number concentration of particles as a function of their size

Redox-stratified and temporally dynamic sediments in river corridors where biological processes mediate sulfur transformations

Process where trees shift their root water uptake from topsoil towards subsoil to sustain transpiration rates when shallow soil moisture declines