Concepts

A female mates with a male other than the territorial male of her family group, increasing frequency when snow cover is reduced

Enzymes produced by microorganisms that catalyze oxidation reactions outside the cell, including laccase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase

Iron and manganese recovered by acid extraction, indicating metals available for microbial electron transport processes

Industrial operations focused on removing natural resources, particularly whaling and guano mining in oceanic environments

Statistical methods for extrapolating rare event magnitudes from historical data

A phenomenon where the action of one exploiter species opens the opportunity for exploitation by a second species

Experimental approach using multiple factor combinations to test phytoplankton growth responses to nutrient additions

Endosymbiotic bacteria that are not essential for host survival and are maintained at intermediate frequencies.

Satellite or aerial imagery that uses non-visible light wavelengths to enhance vegetation detection

Quantitative measure of the sensitivity of weathering rates to changes in atmospheric CO2, characterized by 1st and 2nd order components

The number of related breeding females (coefficient of relatedness >0.125) using the same locality as the focal female

The degree to which males can control access to females, influenced by factors such as female distribution in time and space

Disproportionately higher mortality rates in females compared to males within a population

Poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxide mineral nanoparticles that are typically the first solid Fe oxyhydroxide phase to form upon oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron

Interruption of field-based scientific research due to external factors such as travel restrictions and facility closures

A worker can reasonably and informedly expect to come home without harm to their physical or emotional well-being and that if harm should occur, that a path toward repair is accessible

Short-term (2-4 week) variation in temperature and precipitation that may interact with long-term climate change effects

Management practice of preventing or extinguishing wildfires that began in the Rocky Mountains in the late 1880s

A simplified kinetic model where reaction rates are proportional to the concentration of a single reactant

Overall health and nutritional status of fish populations as indicated by relative weight and other bioindicators

Consumption of aquatic or semi-aquatic insects by fish during oviposition or other water surface activities

A technique that identifies areas within a thin section that have elevated uranium concentrations by placing mica over thin sections and irradiating in a nuclear reactor to create fission tracks viewa...

The need for females in gynodioecious species to compensate for their loss of male function through increased female fitness

Three key early life history fitness components: germination success, probability of survival of seedlings, and time until mortality for seedlings

The behavioral initiation of flight activity in response to environmental conditions, particularly temperature

Method for directly measuring gas flux by monitoring concentration changes in enclosed chambers placed on water surface

High-discharge events that scour stream benthos and reset ecological succession

The duration flowers persist on plants, typically 4-5 days for Corydalis caseana

Change in water flow direction due to uplift outpacing erosion rates

Premature termination of flower development, typically due to resource limitation or environmental stress

Physical oscillations of flowers caused by air movement from pollinator wing beats