Concepts

The hypothesis that predispersal seed predators preferentially attack high-quality flowers, potentially masking negative effects of environmental stressors

Predicts that species interactions should disappear at the stressful end of environmental gradients where abiotic conditions constrain species ranges

Predicts that fast-growing plants in high resource environments invest less in defense because they can easily regrow after herbivory

The hypothesis that animals allocate less time to antipredator vigilance as a function of increasing numbers of animals foraging together

Individuals in more tightly connected social groups perceive greater security from predators and allocate less time to antipredator vigilance while foraging

Higher temperatures shorten larval developmental period leading to smaller adults, where body size exhibits temperature-mediated variation

Hypothesis that parasitism of dominant plant species reduces their competitive ability, allowing less competitive species to increase in abundance

Hypothesis that highly aroused animals produce nonlinear vocalizations because they lose control of their larynx over vocal fold production apparatus

The hypothesis that relationships between egg and juvenile densities are linear when egg densities are constrained below values where eggs or hatching juveniles suffer density-dependent losses

Females should choose nesting sites that best protect them and their offspring from severe or unpredictable weather events, such as extreme temperatures or high wind

Hypothesis that nonlinear phenomena are more variable or more abrupt and therefore more unpredictable, making animals less likely to habituate to them and causing prolonged responses

Explains how acoustic signal structure is shaped by habitat-driven selection that enhances the propagation of relatively undegraded vocalizations

An individual locus shows strong adaptive fitness effects in one habitat, but little or no cost in other habitats

Hypothesis that populations may be buffered from adverse climatic effects when vital rates with high impacts on population growth exhibit the least temporal variability

Species with greater primary production exert the main controls for the functioning of ecosystems due to greater aboveground abundance of biomass or leaf area that promotes resource uptake

Assumes that antipredator adaptations evolve together and thus prey may respond to extinct predators as long as they have experience with other predators.

The hypothesis that the more an individual interacts with others, the less likely they are to disperse

The concept that higher trophic levels are more sensitive to environmental change due to their smaller population sizes and greater environmental demands

Predicts that a species' high-elevation range limit is determined by harsh abiotic conditions whereas its low-elevation range limit is set by antagonistic species interactions

A relationship between plumage coloration and climate variation, predicting that darker coloration due to pigmentation occurred in warmer, more humid tropical regions while lighter colors occurred in ...

Males infected with parasites will have reduced mate attraction as a consequence of less enhanced secondary sexual characters due to energy allocation to immune response

The hypothesis that secondary metabolites in certain pollen types provide protection against natural enemies

The degree to which novel resources resemble historical resources in their chemical or physical cues

The location of extrafloral nectaries relative to plant reproductive structures acts to distract flower-damaging ants or other visitors from flowers, and consequently pollinators as well

The hypothesis that species that are competitively dominant have reduced ability to discover new resources quickly

Predicts that dominant species may be more specialized on particular resources than subordinates, allowing subordinate species to coexist by better capitalizing on unused resources.

The principle asserting an inverse relationship between local population density and average metabolic rate of individuals in a species

Predator recognition abilities that do not require prior learning or experience with predators but are based on innate or genetically-determined responses

The hypothesis that larger flowers produce more seeds due to greater resource allocation or pollinator attraction

hypothesis that large animals should follow high quality forage at the leading edge of green-up in the spring

The hypothesis that play provides an opportunity to practice and refine skills that will be needed later in adulthood

Population density will be higher in more central populations compared to populations at the range margin

Predicts that species can persist beyond some threshold of abiotic stress due to reduced competition, making range margins determined by species interactions rather than abiotic constraints

Theory suggesting that forests with low species diversity and even-aged stands tend to undergo periods of widespread dieback

Species with larger ecological breadth have greater phenotypic variation due to exposure to diverse environmental conditions

A tendency among scientists to presuppose that there is little conflict in the brood chamber of burying beetles

The latitudinal ranges of plants and animals are greater at higher compared to lower latitudes

The requirement that the sum of species-area relationships for subgroups should equal the species-area relationship for the entire assemblage

Alternate alleles are favoured in distinct habitats, and polymorphism is maintained by selection

The ability of animals to compensate for disturbance-driven behavioral changes through unknown mechanisms

plants invest moderately in attracting pollinators early in season and creating flowers to hedge bets on abiotic resource conditions later in the season

The postulated cascade of biodiversity loss that would occur in aspen and willow ecosystems if red-naped sapsuckers were removed

Hypothesis that presence of active social support systems provides aid to focal individuals and creates buffer against stressors

Water acts as a limiting factor for both decomposition of organic matter and net carbon assimilation

The hypothesis that warming climate and earlier snowmelt will increase sociality in bees by lengthening growing seasons and allowing development of multiple broods.