Concepts

Measure of how noisy or random a sound is, with pure tones having entropy values approaching negative infinity

When populations have not yet adapted to current environmental conditions due to time delays

Mathematical relationships that describe how tree dimensions and biomass scale with each other

Behavioral and physiological adaptations of birds to extreme high elevation environments

Mechanisms used by individuals to convey different cues to others, including color, vocal cues, body language, and biofluorescence

The distance between the anus and the genital papilla, used as a non-invasive measure of prenatal exposure to sex steroid hormones

Differences in environmental conditions and species composition between north and south-facing slopes

Computational simulation of avalanche flow physics to predict runout distance and impact parameters

Tree mortality and ecosystem disruption caused by bark beetle infestation, resulting in pulsed release of conifer needles and altered biogeochemical cycling

Human-made structures mimicking beaver dams implemented in restoration projects to slow flow, aggrade sediment, and reconnect streams to floodplains or create wetland conditions

A method using living organisms to determine what chemicals or nutrients are present in soil by measuring growth responses

Temporal correlation of rock units based on fossil content

Energy content of plant materials measured as calories per gram of ash-free oven-dry weight

Behavior where caddisfly larvae consume material from their own or others' protective cases

Study of chemical interactions between organisms, including use of chemical signals for communication and resource location

Chromosomal rearrangement where a segment is reversed in orientation, potentially suppressing recombination and maintaining linkage between beneficial alleles

Internal biological timing system that maintains rhythmicity in a wide range of behavioral, physiological, and metabolic processes

Vegetative reproduction producing genetically identical individuals, characteristic of quaking aspen forming cohesive clones with limited spatial interdigitation

A computational method for simulating genealogies of sampled sequences under neutral evolution

Organic matter particles larger than 1 mm, including intact leaves and larger detrital fragments

A collaborative research infrastructure where multiple institutions conduct coordinated measurements and experiments

An individual locus shows strong adaptive fitness effects in one habitat, but little or no cost in other habitats

The upper thermal limit when the bumblebee loses its motor function as a result of high temperatures

The near-surface environment where rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms interact and drive Earth surface processes

The process of combining data from different sources to provide a unified view

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Hypothesis that populations may be buffered from adverse climatic effects when vital rates with high impacts on population growth exhibit the least temporal variability

Daily behavioral pattern where aquatic organisms move vertically in the water column, typically showing different activity levels during day versus night periods

Statistical technique used to classify observations into predefined groups based on multiple variables