Protocols
11 protocols
pollinator observation
Systematic observation of plant-pollinator interactions along fixed transects with timed observations and selective insect capture for identification. Plants receiving sufficient visits are analyzed f...
Bees per person hour sampling
Systematic observation of plant-pollinator interactions along established transects with standardized time intervals to capture natural temperature variation. Pollinator specimens collected for identi...
Hemacytometer pollen counting
Collection and microscopic analysis of pollen grains deposited on wildflower stigmas using pink fuchsin gel mounting and reference collection for identification. Quantifies both conspecific and hetero...
Belt transect method
Belt transect method for censusing lupine populations and collecting inflorescences for morphological analysis across sympatric and allopatric sites. Combines population surveying with systematic flor...
Artificial nectar robbing
A method to experimentally add nectar rewards to naturally pollen-only rewarding flowers by depositing measured volumes of artificial nectar solution onto flower structures accessible to pollinators. ...
Bagged flower nectar accumulation
Comprehensive measurement of floral traits (corolla dimensions, anther insertion, petal color, nectar production) and vegetative traits (specific leaf area, trichome density, water-use efficiency) on ...
pollination exclusion experiment
Experimental addition of outcross pollen to flowers to test whether natural pollination limits plant reproductive success, comparing reproductive output between hand-pollinated and naturally pollinate...
seed count and mass measurement
Comprehensive evaluation of seed production including total fruit counts, viable seed counts per fruit, individual seed mass measurements, and visual/physical viability assessment. Combines quantitati...
Refractometric nectar analysis
A field-based protocol for extracting nectar from flowers that have been exposed to bee visitation, then quantifying ethanol content using enzyme-based assays. Flowers are pre-isolated to prevent nect...
Seed predation assessment (Polemoniaceae)
Weekly monitoring of fly oviposition on flowers and assessment of fruit damage by predispersal seed predators including fly larvae and caterpillars to quantify reproductive success and seed predation ...
Nestedness analysis
Pollen-transport interactions were analyzed using network metrics including weighted connectance, linkage density, weighted nestedness, specialization and robustness calculated with R package bipartit...