Protocols

Deer were marked with colored paintball pellets for individual identification and surveyed weekly to estimate population size using Lincoln-Petersen estimators. Multiple calculation approaches were us...

Targeted capture technique placing mist nets near active nests and flushing incubating females directly into nets for safe extraction and handling.

Manual creation of presence and absence sampling points for ecological analysis using Google Earth Engine's marker tool on false color imagery combined with vegetation indices to distinguish target la...

Systematic relocation and resurvey of 1 m x 1 m permanent vegetation plots established in 1947, with species abundance recorded as individuals per square meter. Historical data from multiple time peri...

Standardized method using a PVC quadrat divided into 25 squares with metal pin drops to quantify species cover. Number of species contacts per pin drop recorded to estimate relative abundance.

Random subplot sampling to estimate local population density and reproductive status. Distinguishes between reproductive (flowering) and non-reproductive but mature individuals to assess population st...

Hand auguring soil cores to saprolite at multiple sites across elevation gradient, followed by air-drying, sieving to <2mm, and grinding to fine powder for spectroscopic analysis.

Standardized 3-minute sweep net sampling over 4m² plots to quantify grasshopper abundance and biomass along elevational gradients. Includes measurement of individual lengths as biomass proxy.

Data acquired using a Riegl Q1560 dual-channel LiDAR system mounted on a Piper Navajo aircraft. Survey complied with USGS QL1 standard with point density more than 8 pulses per m2.

Long-term monitoring using Big Springs Number Eight dust samplers to measure seasonally accumulated horizontal sediment flux. Sample collections ranging from 1998 to present across varying landscapes.

Drilling of boreholes in 2017 and 2018 and completion as vertically discrete nested monitoring wells and single monitoring wells. Includes well construction documentation.

Quarterly collection of branchfall to assess branch turnover productivity.

USGS bridge crane with sounding weights used for streambed observations below the water line during cross-section surveys.

Blood sample collection following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using EDTA anticoagulant tubes.

Field sampling of logging roads abandoned between 1985-2015 to assess vegetation recovery in road track, edge, and adjacent forest zones.

Standardized data collection using paper field forms, excel templates, or online forms for recording event, sample, specimen, test, and sequence result findings.

White feldspar clay is placed on floodplain surfaces to create marker horizons that record the depth of annual sediment deposition after flood events.

Hand written field notes, visual inspection of drill core during recovery, and digital photography of recovered core materials.

In-field filtering of water samples using 0.2 µm polyethersulfone syringe filters. Removes particulate matter from surface water and groundwater samples.

Field collection of trait information including sex and dispersal status from individual marmots.

Water samples filtered in field using 0.2 micron filter into 50 ml falcon tubes and shipped on ice for analysis.

Nested gas well installation with stainless steel tubing and mesh screens for soil gas sampling.

Collection of net-spinning caddisfly retreat structures and associated beneficiary taxa by hand and placement in vials.

Coordinated collection of vegetation, soil, microbial, and geophysical data at co-located sampling sites within 72 hours of AOP overflight.

Sampled 23 sites on three independent latitudinal gradients spanning ~10 degrees of latitude each across different ecoregions of the Great Plains.

Collection of sun-lit leaves from trees and shrubs using slingshots or pole clippers, with samples stored in polyethylene bags with damp paper towels to prevent water loss.

Sampling of macroinvertebrates in wetlands as part of the Missouri Coteau Wetland Ecosystem Observatory database documenting biotic responses to long-term climate and land-use change.

Surface water sampling using specialized nets to collect floating microplastic debris. Method used for collecting marine microplastics from surface waters.

Fire assay for gold and silver, and spectrographic analysis for 40 elements including copper, lead, molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium.

Creation of digital surface model from 2018 NEON Airborne Observation Platform dataset representing height above sea level for objects attached to the ground.

Deployment of dissolved oxygen probes in water column and riverbed at 10, 20, and 35 cm depths with autonomous telemetry.

Collection of airborne particulates from snow and dry deposition for lead isotopic analysis.

Field sampling using plot-based methods to assess time series data of aeolian sediment collections across varying climates, vegetation cover, and land uses. Includes field monitoring stations for cont...

Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System methods used to survey channel cross-sections and document channel geometry. Cross-sections were re-surveyed to document changes over time.

Method using salt tracer to measure instantaneous stream discharge in headwater streams.

Hyporheic sediment and sediment from planted control soil columns were sampled on a seasonal basis.

Intensive archaeological reconnaissance survey of 875 acres to record prehistoric sites and isolated finds using systematic ground survey methods.

Sediment samples collected in 15-cm increments using 5 cm diameter soil core sampler with slide hammer, then 8.3 cm diameter bucket auger after reaching coarse alluvium.

Four-stage aerosol collector (STAC) that separates particles into distinct aerodynamic size fractions with different cut-off diameters for size- and time-resolved sampling.

Sequential filtration at 0.45, 0.22, and 0.02 micrometers to distinguish particulate, colloidal, and dissolved fractions.

Weekly collection of snowmelt at five locations using modified version of Kormos (2005) method, beginning April 1 until full melt achieved.

Samples filtered through 0.22 μm Sterivex filters with housings made of Eastar co-polyester.

Installation of paired wells at nine locations to capture emerging groundwater from left and right banks.

Qualitative collection using surface tows in estuarine and marine environments with volunteer monitoring.

Collection of surface water samples from 17 sampling sites within Fraser River from September 2021 through August 2023.

Coordinated sampling across multiple sites to quantify stream metal loads.

Deposition of particles on 400 mesh copper carbon-B film TEM grids for microscopy analysis.

Collection and voucher preparation of holotype and paratype specimens for taxonomic description.

UAV flights using DJI Mavic 2 Pro collecting RGB images with 3cm ground sample distance. Images processed via Structure from Motion in Agisoft Metashape to create georeferenced orthomosaics.

UAV flights conducted at altitudes ranging from 10 m to 120 m above ground level, with images systematically captured at 10 m intervals using DJI Air 2S equipped with 1-inch CMOS image sensor.