Protocols

Uses drone-mounted multispectral and thermal sensors to collect fine-scale habitat data within individual home ranges. Combines thermal imagery, vegetation mapping, and digital elevation models to qua...

Microscopic examination of female Drosophila ovaries to determine reproductive state by assessing ovary size, transparency, and egg development stage to classify females as diapausing or reproductivel...

Quantification of ectoparasite loads using visual inspection (2001) and pyrethrin dust-ruffling technique (2013). The dust-ruffling method focuses on macro-ectoparasites while visual inspection counts...

High-resolution scanning X-band radar system providing detailed precipitation measurements with dual-polarization capability. Performs volume scans and targeted range-height indicator scans for proces...

Direct field measurement of pH and specific conductance in aquatic habitats using portable electronic instruments.

Standardized approach to measure the distance at which birds flee when approached by humans at a steady pace. Involves recording starting distance, approaching at 0.5 m/s, and measuring the distance w...

Microscopic analysis of D. geminata samples to quantify the percentage of cells undergoing division as an indicator of phosphorus-limited growth rates.

Systematic counting and proportional assessment of frost-damaged buds relative to total reproductive structures across multiple plant species in montane meadows.

Digital mapping approach using GIS software to quantify percent willow cover within standardized buffer zones around survey points. Polygons of non-willow cover digitized to calculate proportional cov...

Systematic mapping of WWII defensive positions using Global Navigation Satellite System technology to create detailed plans of military features including bunkers, trenches, and weapon emplacements.

Recording precise locations of study plots and nest locations using GPS equipment for spatial analysis and reference.

Fresh plant tissue is collected during peak hydration, weighed fresh, dried at controlled temperature, then reweighed to calculate water content as the difference between wet and dry weights.

A systematic approach to classifying willow branches by hierarchical position (primary, secondary, tertiary) and measuring diameters at specific locations relative to sap well positions, with size thr...

High spectral resolution lidar measurement of aerosol backscatter profiles to detect aerosol layer boundaries and depth. Uses Haar Wavelet transform gradient detection to identify significant changes ...

High sampling rate audio recording and spectrographic analysis of mechanical sounds produced by birds during flight, including wing and tail-generated sonations.

Pin hole marking system in beetle wing cases using numbered pattern in quadrants to track individuals across experimental treatments.

Repeated photographic measurement of individual fungal pustules over time to quantify replication rates and disease progression. Uses standardized macro photography with consistent framing and lightin...

Rock fragments measured for magnetic hysteresis properties and isothermal remanent magnetization to identify magnetic mineral carriers and domain states.

Fine-scale temperature measurement using thermocouples positioned at stigma level within flowers to test whether different style morphs experience different thermal environments. Paired design compari...

Continuous monitoring of temperature at surface and burial depth using data loggers, combined with regular soil moisture measurements to characterize microhabitat conditions.

Standardized measurements of wing chord, tail, tarsus, culmen, crown width, and crown stripe width were taken on captured birds using rulers and calipers to assess sexual dimorphism.

Comprehensive site characterization including canopy light availability via hemispherical photography, disturbance assessment via cow presence indicators, regolith classification, and physiographic va...

Integrated approach combining borehole drilling with comprehensive geophysical logging including NMR, electrical resistivity, temperature, and electromagnetic measurements to characterize subsurface b...

Protocol for evaluating antenna pointing accuracy and measurement comparability between multiple Doppler radar systems using solar alignment, constant elevation scans, and range height indicator measu...

Decomposition of total seed production into four multiplicative components: flower number, fruit set, seed set, and seed escape from predation. Allows identification of which reproductive stages are m...

High-resolution airborne hyperspectral and lidar data collection and analysis to classify land cover types and derive vegetation parameters for hydrologic modeling.

Standardized counting and measurement of ventral ovipositor bristles using microscopy and digital imaging. Includes mounting specimens, photographing at standardized magnification, and counting specif...

Systematic examination of host insects for parasites, counting and removal of parasites, followed by drying and weighing of both hosts and parasites for biomass determination.

Assessment of female reproductive success in relation to pollen availability indices to understand how sex ratio changes affect population-level reproduction.

Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) measurements of light scattering by particles passing through a laser beam to determine particle size distributions from 140 nm to 3.4 μm diameter. Instru...

A standardized method for measuring floral orientation using a protractor with suspended weight to determine the angle of flowers relative to vertical axis.

Standardized protocol for assessing tree health status using categories of healthy, damaged, and dead based on crown condition, structural integrity, and cambium viability via scratch test.

Custom-built RFID system using paired antenna cards and microSD data logging to continuously track individual bee movements in and out of nest boxes. System records timestamps for each entrance and ex...

Standardized measurement of rabbitbrush plant fitness through seed production per initial flower bud and growth via allometric modeling. Includes flower bud counts, seed bagging and harvest, and nonde...

Paired decibel measurements near and far from road using smartphone applications during vehicle passage events. Traffic volume also quantified by timing vehicle passage through marked road sections.

Used 120-cm modified-Robel pole from 4-meter distance at 1-meter height to measure vegetation density around nests at four cardinal directions. Recorded lowest height at which nest area was visible.

Installation of marked PVC pipe stakes to visually monitor snow depth changes and provide reference points for fabric anchoring during snowmelt manipulation experiments.

Classification of drought years based on winter snowpack totals measured from November to April, with low snow years indicating subsequent summer drought conditions. Uses established relationship betw...

Visual estimation of D. geminata biomass using percent cover and stalk height measurements through glass-bottomed viewing box. Standing crop index calculated as cover × height and used as biomass prox...

High-resolution X-ray imaging of leaf venation networks using synchrotron light sources with both absorption and phase contrast approaches. Samples are mounted on translation stages and imaged with mo...

Field measurement technique for determining plant metabolic rates across species in natural communities. Used to generate empirical data for comparison with theoretical MaxEnt predictions.

A standardized survey protocol measuring scientific integration constructs including self-efficacy, identity, values alignment, and career intentions before and after URE participation. Uses establish...

Retrieval of vertical temperature and water vapor profiles using infrared spectroscopy with optimal estimation physical retrieval method. Provides high temporal resolution (5-minute) profiles with det...

Surgical implantation of radio transmitters in the abdominal cavity with electrodes positioned on either side of the heart to monitor heart rate via radio telemetry during natural behaviors. Heart rat...

Stepwise heating of rock specimens to progressively remove magnetic components and identify magnetic carriers through their unblocking temperature spectra.

Multi-person protocol for high-precision surveying using Total Station equipment with millimeter accuracy capabilities

Unmanned aerial vehicle flights with multispectral camera to capture georeferenced imagery of forest canopy in five spectral bands, with radiometric calibration using reference panel and downwelling l...

Quantification of nestling begging intensity using scaled visual measures of mouth gape opening and postural display height from video recordings.

Continuous measurement of specific differential phase (KDP) using slanted W-band polarimetric radar to detect signatures of dendritic growth and secondary ice production in snow. Radar operated at 40°...

Collection of synchronized climate measurements (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation) from weather stations corresponding to butterfly observation periods for correlation analy...