Protocols

Tagged individual plants are monitored twice weekly throughout the growing season to record bloom start dates, bloom end dates, and total flower production. This provides individual-level phenological...

Shade cloths suspended 3m above treatment plots accelerate snowmelt by 5-7 days when snowpack reaches ~1m depth, simulating earlier spring snowmelt conditions. Cloths removed after complete treatment ...

A factorial field experiment manipulating snowmelt timing using black shade cloth and summer precipitation using rainout shelters in a split-plot design to simulate climate change effects.

Weekly monitoring of alpine plant flowering phenology coupled with snowmelt date recording to assess environmental effects on plant reproductive timing. Focuses on species-specific responses to fine-s...

Installation and monitoring of artificial wooden nesting-blocks with multiple cavity sizes to track solitary bee nesting activity, timing, and reproductive success. Involves regular visual monitoring ...

Statistical analysis using mixed effects models to evaluate relationships between plant clumping treatment and temperature responses while accounting for random effects of individual plants and sampli...

Quantitative analysis of pollen grain composition in bee provisions using compound microscopy. Pollen samples stained with fuchsin and examined at 100× magnification with systematic transect counting ...

Long-term systematic collection of first sighting and median activity dates for plants, insects, mammals, amphibians and birds in a high-elevation montane ecosystem. Standardized protocols track flowe...

Year-round automated temperature logging with HOBO sensors to detect snowmelt timing and calculate temperature-precipitation ratios during bee activity periods. Integrates with local weather station d...

Experimental removal of flower buds to simulate frost damage effects, allowing comparison of microclimate conditions between plots with and without flower displays in subalpine meadow.

Long-term standardized sampling of aerial insects using a single Malaise trap at a fixed location operated weekly throughout growing seasons. Insects are collected, dried, sorted taxonomically, counte...

Hierarchical Bayesian models predicting vital rates from individual and neighborhood characteristics, with population-level random effects and model selection via WAIC.

Laboratory experiment transferring bee eggs between different pollen provision types to test effects on larval survival. Eggs moved between Taraxacum and native Asteraceae provisions in a balanced rec...

A factorial experiment manipulating both flowering phenology (by moving plants between elevations) and water availability (through differential watering regimes) using potted native plants in field ar...

Floral resource availability was quantified by counting flowers while walking in progressively larger circles from a central point until reaching 100 flowers or 100m radius. Density was calculated as ...

Calculation of interaction turnover between plant-pollinator networks at different sites by comparing shared taxa and their interaction frequencies. Produces metrics of rewiring occurrence and interac...

Plant tissues are subjected to controlled freezing temperatures in a programmable chamber to determine frost damage thresholds. Temperatures are gradually reduced to simulate natural frost events, the...

Using Generalized Additive Models to estimate emergence, peak, and senescence timing from sparse time-series abundance data. Models fit abundance curves and extract phenological metrics from first and...

Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery processed through continental-scale algorithms to create vegetation index time series and estimate phenophase transition timing at 30 m resolution.

Calculation of cumulative growing degree days from weather station data using species-specific base temperatures, correlated with biological events through linear regression to assess temperature-depe...

Uses centimeter-precision GPS to map exact locations of all individuals in study plots, enabling calculation of population density and neighbor relationships. Plot sizes are adjusted to population cha...