Concepts

Studies vibrational modes of molecules by looking at unique fingerprint from inelastically scattered light

Scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for determining elemental composition and mineral identification

Interpretability method that quantifies the contribution of each feature to machine learning model predictions using game theory

Advanced InSAR procedure combining independent subsets of interferograms to estimate displacement history using minimum-length solution of phase velocity

Association index calculated as the ratio of observations of individuals a and b seen together over the sum of observations of them seen together plus times seen separately

Two types of inelastic scattering - Stokes when molecule relaxes to higher energy level than started, anti-Stokes when starts in excited state and relaxes to lower energy

Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization method for quantifying stream nutrient uptake using simultaneous tracer and nutrient injections

Spatial analysis technique creating influence zones around points based on proximity

Incorrectly concluding there is a species effect when the effect is actually due to lower-level genetic variation

Cloud radar operating at approximately 94 GHz frequency with high sensitivity to cloud particles

β-diversity metric used to quantify interaction turnover between successive weekly networks

Spectroscopic technique that provides information on sulfur redox states and bonding environments for investigating sulfur cycling in natural systems

Synchrotron-based multiple energy μ-XRF 2D mapping technique for detecting spatial distributions of elements and their oxidation states

Imaging technique using X-ray photons with energies in the range of 10²-10⁶ eV to visualize internal structures

A practice of guided meditation that is intended to lead to insight through open-minded observation of the natural world

Signal processing algorithms that automatically adjust parameters in response to changing environmental conditions

The relationship between thermochronologic ages and sample elevation used to calculate exhumation rates

Correction factor accounting for loss of helium due to alpha particles being ejected from mineral grains during radioactive decay

Artificially produced unconsciousness used during procedures to block sensations of pain

The directional dependence of magnetic susceptibility in rocks that results from depositional, diagenetic, syn- and post-sedimentary processes affecting magnetic grains

A computational method for model fitting that contrasts the influence of different mechanisms by simulating data under different parameter sets

Interdisciplinary partnerships between artists and scientists that create new works and approaches that would not be possible without the collaboration

Processing procedure to remove atmospheric effects from hyperspectral radiance data to estimate surface reflectance

Computational method to trace the path of air masses backwards in time to determine source regions

Absolute abundance of bacteria measured as colony forming units per unit leaf mass

Annual change in cross-sectional area of tree stem measured from tree ring widths

Arthropods collected in bee bowl traps that are not being examined by a study and are not collected or recorded in any data set

A technique that graphs the number of songs recorded versus the number of song types and uses curve equations to estimate maximum repertoire size when the curve reaches an asymptote

Quantitative measurement of presence/absence, frequency, and/or duration of specific behaviors

Process of confirming that a physiological assay accurately reflects the biological process it claims to measure through controlled experiments

Comprehensive collection method attempting to document all species present at a site regardless of abundance

A dimensional ratio calculated from minimum bounding rectangles to quantify the shape characteristics of pond polygons

Statistical model used to determine the number of principal components to retain, setting threshold above which a component explains more variation than expected by chance alone

Automated identification of species from camera trap photographs using machine learning

Digital representation of forest canopy height derived from remote sensing data

An ecological technique that relies on randomly choosing a sample of recorded syllables and then 'recapturing' some of those syllables in successive samples to estimate total repertoire size

The dominant frequency component of acoustic signals, measured as the highest peak frequency from FFT analysis

Standardized measure of abundance calculated as number of individuals caught per unit of sampling time or effort

Training cattle to alter their grazing patterns and spatial use through management techniques

Routes of oxytocin administration that act directly on the brain, traditionally requiring surgery to deliver oxytocin directly to cerebral spinal fluid