phenological mismatch
Earlier spring arrival of aphids on host plants before ants are active, disrupting temporal overlap between mutualistic partners
precession
radiation impacts
regional climate model
High-resolution convection-permitting climate models suitable for multi-decadal timescales in complex terrain
residual layer
Remnant of previous day's mixed layer that persists aloft after surface cooling and formation of stable nocturnal boundary layer
seasonal isolation
Periods when remote ecosystems become inaccessible due to winter conditions like snow and ice cover
seasonality hypothesis
Early flowering plant species will display greater resistance to frost than species that flower later
seeder-feeder mechanisms
sex-specific climate response
Differential responses between sexes to environmental variation potentially creating imbalance in the frequency of males and females
smoke transport
snow heat storage
springtime warming from carbonaceous particles
structural breakpoint
Unexpected or sudden changes over time in time series, representing shifts in temporal patterns of meteorological variables
summer warming
Increases in summer temperature over time periods relevant to vegetation monitoring studies
surface hoar
thermal breadth
Temperature range over which feeding rate is 80% of maximum rate, indicating thermal generalization
thermal coupling strength
Slope of the relationship between Tleaf and Tair as both vary over time (β = ∂Tleaf/∂Tair)
thermal insulation properties
thermal mismatch hypothesis
Theory that host susceptibility to pathogens increases as environmental conditions become less favorable for the host
thermoneutral zone
The range of ambient temperatures within which an organism can maintain body temperature without metabolic cost, ranging from 10-25°C for adult marmots
trailing edge retraction
A type of range shift where the trailing edge of a species distribution contracts, losing habitat at the rear of the range
tropospheric profiling
tundra vegetation change
Directional changes in plant community composition, abundance, and structure in tundra ecosystems over time
vapor depositional growth
vulnerability index
A quantitative measure of forest growth sensitivity to climate change based on correlations between historical growth and climate data
wind-transported snow
Snow redistribution by wind from exposed areas into avalanche starting zones, increasing avalanche volume
zero-degree isotherm
The elevation at which temperature is at zero degrees Celsius (freezing point), which is moving to higher elevations due to climate change