Concepts

How plant population density affects individual plant growth, morphology, and susceptibility to herbivory through competition and resource availability

Reduction in population growth rates, size, or occurrence across species ranges

The hypothesis that relationships between egg and juvenile densities are linear when egg densities are constrained below values where eggs or hatching juveniles suffer density-dependent losses

Body size when organisms transition from growth to reproduction, with important consequences for lifetime reproductive success

The degree to which an individual is integrated in their group based on the number of independent links to others in the group

The degree to which individuals in a population exhibit coordinated timing of nesting activity

Females should choose nesting sites that best protect them and their offspring from severe or unpredictable weather events, such as extreme temperatures or high wind

Individual's reaction to a non-novel, risky situation

Initial colonization phase when winged aphids establish new colonies on host plants

Winter survival strategy of some small mammals that may affect their vulnerability to avalanche disturbance depending on burrow depth and emergence timing

Theory that animals distribute themselves among habitat patches in proportion to resource availability, with high-quality patches becoming occupied first and animals moving to lower-quality patches as...

Proportion of individuals in a population showing signs of pathogen infection

Nutritional limitation during larval development that affects adult phenotype

An aversion to novel stimuli, measured as latency to touch the puzzle box from stepping onto the platform

Number of nests per unit area, calculated by dividing number of nests in each habitat by total area

Spread of disease between individuals through various mechanisms including spore dispersal

Transmission of parasites among individuals within social mammalian groups

Some environments will be resource rich and produce a high amount of offspring (sources) while other environments will be resource low and produce a low amount of offspring (sinks)

A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population under certain conditions

Vegetative reproduction producing genetically identical individuals, characteristic of quaking aspen forming cohesive clones with limited spatial interdigitation

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Hypothesis that populations may be buffered from adverse climatic effects when vital rates with high impacts on population growth exhibit the least temporal variability

The temporal progression and patterns of disease spread through host populations

F-statistics (FIS, FST, FIT) measuring genetic differentiation and inbreeding at different hierarchical levels

Changes in social behavior and group dynamics that result from variation in the number of individuals in a social group

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population

Measure of the level of inbreeding within a population, with values close to 1.0 indicating high levels of inbreeding

Measures of early-life performance that may predict later survival and reproductive success

The proportion of male versus female offspring in a litter affecting prenatal hormone exposure

Pattern where male mammals tend to travel farther than females in exploratory excursions and disperse more than females

Proportional increase in body mass during the active growing season, calculated as August 15 body mass divided by June 1 body mass

Assumes that antipredator adaptations evolve together and thus prey may respond to extinct predators as long as they have experience with other predators.

Life history characteristics related to where and how bees construct their nests, categorized as above-ground or below-ground

Distance range that maximizes pollen fertilization success and offspring survival

Mechanism where state and behavior mutually reinforce each other, measured as positive correlation between individual intercept and slope in random regression models.

Period required for sagebrush to recover to pre-fire conditions after burning

The distribution of limited resources among competing physiological functions such as growth, reproduction, and defense