Concepts

Analytical technique combining gas chromatography separation with mass spectrometry identification for analyzing volatile compounds

Preserved plant specimens that are picked in the field, pressed flat, dried and attached to archival-grade paper with relevant information recorded, then stored in climate-controlled cabinets

Automated algorithms for identifying and delineating individual trees from LiDAR point cloud data

Computational model that simulates individual organisms and their life histories to understand population-level patterns

Sampling methods that result in the death of collected organisms, potentially affecting population abundance and community structure

Statistical method that estimates parameters by maximizing the likelihood function of observed data

Statistical phenomenon where predictor variables are correlated, potentially masking individual effects in regression analysis

Measurements spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales within a watershed

Statistical modeling approach using spectral reflectance measurements to extrapolate functional trait values

Statistical method used to identify the structuring factors driving life-history variation and to detect slow-fast continuum patterns

Measure of how effectively a sampling method captures target organisms relative to processing time and effort

Distributed network of environmental sensors measuring diverse phenomena across watershed for understanding and predicting watershed behavior

Statistical approach that tests all possible combinations of climate drivers and temporal windows to identify optimal predictive time scales

Quantitative measure of acoustic similarity between sounds, ranging from 0 to 1.0 with higher correlations indicating more similar sounds

A metric that compares observed values to null model expectations, calculated as (observed - expected) / standard deviation of null distribution

Integration of time-series data across different temporal resolutions and scales

Computational approach to predict how visual signals are perceived by animal visual systems

Constancy index that distinguishes between complete constancy, random transitions, and complete inconstancy

Statistical approach using prior information and measurement uncertainties to optimally estimate atmospheric properties

Safety procedures including isolation, testing, and capacity restrictions to enable field research during pandemic

Harmonic mean of precision and recall used to evaluate classification model performance

Day of year from 1-365 used to measure timing of biological events

Type of recurrent neural network capable of learning temporal dependencies in sequential data through gated memory cells

Keeping students engaged and continuing in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields

X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy fitting method using reference compound spectra to identify chemical species

Growth measurements adjusted to remove the effect of age-dependent growth patterns, allowing isolation of environmental factors on growth

Correlation between behavioral traits at the individual level, estimated while controlling for within-individual variation and environmental effects

Standard measure of organic biomass determined by ashing samples to remove inorganic material

Mathematical representation of color perception in birds based on stimulation of four cone types (UV/violet-sensitive, short-wave-sensitive, medium-wave-sensitive, long-wave-sensitive)

Tools implemented to accurately predict an organism's physiological response to attributes of interest such as water loss and body temperature

Temperature below which a thermochronological system retains daughter products, ~70°C for apatite He system

Approach where multiple distributed sensors work together to achieve better performance than individual sensors

Statistical model allowing phenotypic correlations between traits to vary continuously with environmental predictors

The practice of making research data publicly available for verification and reuse