Concepts

Systematic differences in detection or capture probability among species or groups due to sampling method

A statistic derived from information theory that quantifies individuality by calculating inter-individual variation relative to intra-individual variation

Part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled

A measure of niche overlap calculated as SI = 1 - (1/2) Σᵢ |pᵢₖ - pⱼₖ| where values approach 1 when resource use curves coincide perfectly and approach 0 when they don't overlap

Constrained ordination method used to analyze multivariate patterns among predicted variables with environmental predictors

The practice of providing research data to other investigators upon request or through formal agreements

Experimental design testing multiple factors simultaneously in all combinations

The proportion of cells undergoing division within a population

A quantitative measure of uncertainty about an outcome of a draw from a probability distribution

Grouping of individuals based on body shape rather than species-level identification due to field identification constraints

Radar systems that transmit and receive both horizontal and vertical polarizations to characterize particle shape, orientation, and microphysical properties

Attenuation and degradation of sound over distance due to atmospheric absorption, ground attenuation, signal scattering, and deflection by layered surfaces

Analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to determine trophic position and dietary composition

Dating technique that determines cooling histories of rocks using temperature-sensitive radiometric systems

Experimental design where subjects choose between two alternative options to assess preferences

Method for quantifying the proportion of overall variance explained by different factors or pathways using R² calculations

Statistical approach using prior distributions and likelihood functions to make probabilistic inferences about model parameters

A method for calculating dominance based on an individual's relative number of wins or losses that is tolerant of missing pair-wise interactions and weights wins highly

The proportionality relationship between partial pressure of a gas in air and its aqueous concentration used to measure dissolved CO2

Use of passive integrated transponder tags for remote detection and tracking of individual animals without need for recapture

Measure of how noisy or random a sound is, with pure tones having entropy values approaching negative infinity

Computational simulation of avalanche flow physics to predict runout distance and impact parameters

A method using living organisms to determine what chemicals or nutrients are present in soil by measuring growth responses

A computational method for simulating genealogies of sampled sequences under neutral evolution

A collaborative research infrastructure where multiple institutions conduct coordinated measurements and experiments

The process of combining data from different sources to provide a unified view

Statistical technique used to classify observations into predefined groups based on multiple variables

Methodology for measuring turbulent fluxes using high-frequency measurements of vertical wind velocity and scalar concentrations

A measure comparing the proportion of prey in predator diet to proportion in environment to detect selection or avoidance