Concepts

Genetic change in a trait if there is heritable variation, selection, and heritability

Individuals participate in seemingly altruistic behaviors because they have reciprocal relationships and take turns

Crosses between two species where each species serves as both maternal and paternal parent, allowing study of cytoplasmic inheritance effects

Traits like crown-stripe width, plumage coloration, and song that require additional energy to maintain and signal mate quality

Evolutionary changes in sex-determining chromosomes including fusion events and differentiation from autosomes

Differences between sexes in fluorescent patterns, as identified in Plethodon metcalfi

A model of neutral evolution where trait evolution is proportional to branch lengths or time since species shared a common ancestor

A method for modeling species' geographical ranges using fossil data that incorporates diversification and extinction processes

Species with larger ecological breadth have greater phenotypic variation due to exposure to diverse environmental conditions

Mean-scaled within-population genetic variance-covariance matrix describing genetic constraints and evolutionary potential

Theoretical model predicting conditions under which chromosomal inversions can spread due to linkage of locally adapted alleles

A model of trait evolution that incorporates selection in the form of a selective optimum, differing from Brownian motion where only drift is expected

Comparison of divergence at neutral molecular markers (FST) to divergence at quantitative functional traits (QST) to determine whether natural selection or neutral genetic drift drives trait variation

Mathematical relationship between response to selection, heritability, and selection intensity in quantitative genetics

The hypothesis that sexually selected traits are honest signals of individual quality because they impose a cost to the bearer

Geometric mean of the ratio of allele frequency between consecutive generations (pt/pt-1)

Evolutionary interaction where male traits evolve to overcome female resistance to mating

Alternate alleles are favoured in distinct habitats, and polymorphism is maintained by selection

Evolved adaptations that reduce vulnerability to parasites through various mechanisms including resource specialization

Life-history strategy that reduces variance in fitness at the expense of lower mean fitness by producing multiple phenotypes

plants invest moderately in attracting pollinators early in season and creating flowers to hedge bets on abiotic resource conditions later in the season

Cooperation between 2 or more individuals against a third during an aggressive or competitive encounter, or formed for intergroup contests to defend territory or take over breeding groups

Pairs of closely related species within the same genus that allow comparison while controlling for evolutionary history.

Extension of the Lande-Arnold selection analysis using partial regression to partition selection among levels

Signals must be 'contextually independent' where perceivers must respond to a variable call much as they would to the eliciting stimulus, even when no other cues are available

Morphologically similar species that are genetically distinct and reproductively isolated

The evolutionary process by which polyploid genomes are restructured into diploid-like states through chromosome rearrangements and gene loss

Theory predicting that if reproduction leads to increased damage accumulation, fast reproducing individuals effectively bring forward their own death, with limited resources allocated among competing ...

Refers to predator-naive prey, whose ancestors historically interacted with a predator, but who have not interacted with that predator in their own lifetime

The co-optation of existing traits for new functions during evolution

The effect of genes beyond the boundaries of the individual organism, including effects on associated communities

Endosymbiotic bacteria that are not essential for host survival and are maintained at intermediate frequencies.

The degree to which males can control access to females, influenced by factors such as female distribution in time and space

The need for females in gynodioecious species to compensate for their loss of male function through increased female fitness

Interactions between host and pathogen genotypes that affect infection phenotype beyond additive effects

Plants and herbivores become locally adapted to one another via a local evolutionary arms race

Sexual selection model where ornamental traits indicate genetic quality or parasite resistance

Selection operating at the level of social groups rather than individuals

Changes in the timing or rate of developmental events relative to the development of the whole organism

Superior performance of F1 hybrids compared to both parental species

Hamilton's theory that fitness should be stripped of all components which can be considered as due to the individual's social environment, leaving the fitness he would express if not exposed to any of...

Morphological defenses that are induced by the presence of predators, such as longer caudal filaments in mayflies exposed to fish predators