Concepts

Sampling approaches that are often preferable because they require less effort and allow for repeated sampling

A newly developed non-invasive sampling method of using swabs to collect dermal secretions as a rapid and reliable alternative to sample hormones from amphibian species in the field

Plant size measurements that can be taken without destroying or removing the plant

Statistical model that generates random patterns while preserving certain constraints, used as baseline for comparison

Experimental approach using nutrient-enriched substrates to deliver controlled amounts of nutrients to algae in situ

Visual interpretation method using high-resolution imagery to manually identify and classify land cover features

Term used to represent each morphospecies of culturable fungi in lieu of species name as species has not currently been established by means of sequencing

A regression approach that allows for multiple ordered response categories and provides more specific interpretation of exact probability of socioeconomic characteristics on constraints

Statistical identification of observations that deviate significantly from expected patterns in meteorological data

A measure of the degree to which two phenological distributions overlap in time, calculated by integrating the area under both probability density curves

An experimental design using matched watershed pairs to isolate treatment effects while controlling for natural variation

The differential attraction of insects to certain colored traps, potentially leading to non-representative samples of the true community

Large-scale moving or stationary paintings designed to create immersive visual experiences for 19th-century audiences

Geometric correction for apparent horizontal displacement of cloud location due to satellite viewing angle

Treatment systems designed to operate with minimal human intervention using natural processes and renewable energy

The process by which manuscripts are evaluated by expert reviewers before publication

Imaging approach where the detector is placed at a larger distance behind the sample, generating an interference pattern that reflects spatial variation in phase shifts

Method to display cool-season conditions relative to station's period of record using precipitation and snow water equivalent data

Experimental alterations of traits in factorial combination to allow correlational and other forms of selection to be distinguished from spurious effects on fitness caused by unmeasured characters

The density of hair (pile) on insect body parts, categorized as low, medium, or high

Vegetation sampling technique using vertical markers to estimate species proportions based on plant contacts

Radar technique using alternating H and V polarized pulses to estimate Doppler velocity while overcoming decorrelation limitations

Dynamic snow identification algorithm using second-order polynomial curves to determine classification thresholds

An organism's ability to maintain body position and right itself when flipped, used as indicator of thermal stress

Experimental method using artificial prey to quantify predation rates in natural environments

The process of determining which species are responsible for predation events through direct observation or evidence

The accuracy of predictive models for estimating plant biomass using cross-validation

Sampling approach that records whether a species or habitat type is present or absent at specific locations

Having more than one sample per individual that may bias results

Framework that analyzes perception by measuring changes in behavior with changes in stimulation to understand cognitive processes

QA/QC process for time-series data involving identification of problems in data, subsequent data cleaning or processing, including outlier detection, gap filling, and data validation

Use of fluorescent nanocrystals to label individual pollen grains for tracking movement between plants

Laboratory technique using antibody-antigen binding and radioactive tracers to measure hormone concentrations in biological samples

Experimental design that groups experimental units into blocks to control for sources of variation while randomizing treatments within blocks

Radar scanning strategy that measures at constant azimuth across varying elevation angles

Process where LAG becomes more tightly compacted as a result of reduced growth rate, creating difficulty in accurately deducing the number of LAG

The process of identifying coreferent records both between and within files in the absence of a unique identifiable attribute