Food underpins fitness and ecological interactions, yet how nutrient availability shapes species interactions in natural communities remains poorly understood. Most nutritional ecology research focuses on laboratory or single-species systems, limiting insight into how nutrient use and nutrient niche

Testing Tweak tests that use the graph package.

Many hummingbird-pollinated plant species evolved from bee-pollinated ancestors independently in many different habitats in North and South America. The mechanisms leading to these transitions are not completely understood. We conducted pollination and germination experiments and analysed additional

A variety of factors can influence an individual’s antipredator behavior including their group size because simply being around conspecifics may reduce predation risk. Recent work has shown that it is not just being around others, but rather the specific social relationships that individuals have wi

The date of spring snowmelt is advancing in numerous alpine and subalpine ecosystems due to both rising temperatures and reduced snowpack associated with climate change. Snowmelt is a critical source of water for plants in subalpine ecosystems, so changes in snowmelt timing can affect many important

Dispersal is an important decision for an individual to make which may influence individual fitness as well as population viability. Prior work has shown that dispersal decisions can be influenced by an individual’s position in their social network (the social cohesion hypothesis), but the dispersal

In Gothic Colorado, the invasive common dandelion or Taraxacum officinale has slowly made its way through the meadows and along the road flourishing as people aid in dispersing its seeds as the wind carries them. Due to this, the focus of this study is to determine if dandelions compete with native

To understand bumblebee thermal limitations a controlled experient was built and tested in different environmental conditions to determine the most stable form of conducting upper and lower thermal trials in the field. The study was conducted at field sites located at the Rocky Mountain Biological L

Noticeable changes such as the alteration of ecosystem productivity, the influence of species interactions with one another and its environment, and the transformation of habitats are all linked to climate change. Although plant functions might be a useful tool in understanding plant communities and

Beavers are ecological engineers, benefitting the aquatic ecosystems with their dams and ponds. The beaver ponds change over time; beaver ponds of different ages will have different characteristics. These differences will influence what types of aquatic invertebrates will inhabit these ponds. Unders

Animal communication is vital to nearly every species. Serving multiple functions and being conveyed throughout a variety of modes, communication allows animals to make decisions based on information other animals provide. Numerous examples of this can be found across the animal kingdom, with bioflu

Hemiparasitic plants rely on their hosts for some of their nutritional requirements, but are still able to photosynthesize and absorb water and nutrients through their roots. Parasitic plants have been shown to impact plant community diversity by reducing dominant species' competitive ability, thus

*EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program... Page 1 of 3 ct [=] United States Environmental Protection Agency a What is the UIC program? Initiatives Classes of Injection Wells Class I Class II Class III Class V State UIC Programs Guidance file://E:\cbmstudy.htm

The Formation inter-genemtional trnnsfer of productive .lands. of the CCALT · •. Conservation ease- Go almost anywhere ·ments are tailor-made for n in Colorado and you'll see a specific prQpeny and result whole new crop taking hold in from a negotiated agreement the state's formerly prime ag- betwee

Pete Klingsmith, Arton Der Minassians, Julie Schmit.

Dennis Darrow. The Pueblo Chieftain.