This dataset represents potential clear-sky incident solar radiation (in w/m^2) for day of year 172 (summer solstice), taking into account shading from topography, buildings, and vegetation greater than 1m in height. This map was generated with the GRASS GIS program r.sun and a subcanopy solar radia

This dataset represents potential clear-sky incident solar radiation (in w/m^2) for day of year 265 (fall equinox), taking into account shading from topography, buildings, and vegetation greater than 1m in height. This map was generated with the GRASS GIS program r.sun and a subcanopy solar radiatio

This dataset represents potential clear-sky incident solar radiation (in w/m^2) for day of year 355 (winter solstice), taking into account shading from topography and buildings, but not vegetation. This map was generated with the GRASS GIS program r.sun.

This dataset represents potential clear-sky incident solar radiation (in w/m^2) for day of year 172 (summer solstice), taking into account shading from topography and man-made structures, but not vegetation. This map was generated with the GRASS GIS program r.sun.

Abstract We provided 2 social groups of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) with 2 types of supplemental feed (high and low protein) to test hypotheses about effects of food abundance and quality on juvenile growth rates and survival. Both supplemented litters and reference litters ceased

SUMMARY1. Larvae of cased caddisflies (Limnephilidae and Phryganeidae) are among the most abundant and conspicuous invertebrates in northern wetlands. Although species replacements are often observed along permanence gradients, the underlying causal mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper, w

Polyphenisms (environmentally cued polymorphisms) are ubiquitous, yet the specific proximate mechanisms producing alternative morphs are generally not well known. We tested hypotheses for the role of large heterospecific prey in the cannibalistic polyphenism within larval tiger salamanders, Ambystom

AbstractNatural genetic variants at the phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI, gene differ in spatial patterning of their polymorphism among species complexes ofColiasbutterflies in North America. In both lowland and alpine complexes, molecular–functional properties of the polymorphic genotypes can be used

Secondary transfer of pollen can occur when a second pollinator remobilizes grains that had already been transferred to a flower by a previous pollinator. We used a pollen-color dimorphism to measure components of secondary transfer by bumble bees visiting the lily Erythronium grandiflorum. Remobili

High-altitude and high-latitude sites are expected to be very sensitive to global warming, because the biological activity of most plants is restricted by the length of the short snow- free season, which is determined by climate. Long-term observational studies in subalpine meadows of the Colorado R

AbstractGlobal models project impending climate changes that could significantly alter plant species composition in ecosystems. Climate manipulation experiments provide an opportunity to investigate such effects. Here we describe and apply a method for extracting the age‐detrended growth rate of sag

It is concluded that female yellow-bellied marmots delay onset of reproduction not because of fitness benefits of foregoing reproduction at an earlier age, but due to the social suppression of reproduction by older, reproductive females, which enhances their own fitness to the detriment of the fitne

Ralph E. Clark III. November 16, 1996.

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T ¢cF 1. Enterprise gross margins are the difference between enterprise gross revenue and direct cost. om by herd PE Grose’ nibs 4155 us to compare operations of different structures and sizes. T LF 3. Contribution analysis gives the ranch gross revenue credit for livestock even though the livestock

% CHAPTER SEVEN ones PROFITABILITY FROM A FORAGE-BASED _,, -” OPERATION “ 4 he SS N y FORAGE AND PROFIT Profitability in forage-based environments is dictated by effective use of quality from the forage resource to meet the os needs of the animals being produced. Cost is the variable that more than