Between-individual variation in phenotypes within a population is the basis of evolution. However, evolutionary and behavioural ecologists have mainly focused on estimating between-individual variance in mean trait and neglected variation in within-individual variance, or predictability of a trait.

Altered precipitation patterns associated with anthropogenic climate change are expected to have many effects on plants and insect pollinators, but it is unknown if effects on pollination are mediated by changes in water availability. We tested the hypothesis that impacts of climate on plant pollina

Many biotic interactions influence community structure, yet most distribution models for plants have focused on plant competition or used only abiotic variables to predict plant abundance. Furthermore, biotic interactions are commonly context-dependent across abiotic gradients. For example, plant-pl

The objective of this study is to understand how climate cues affect the abundance and phenology of aphids and the arthropods with which they interact. These data were collected in 20 populations of the host plant (Ligusticum porteri) along an elevation gradient near Gothic, CO, USA. We randomly-sel

In the face of global climate change, it is important to know how ecosystems will be affected so that conservation efforts may be more successful. In mountainous regions, effects of climate change may be especially pronounced due to steep elevation gradients and specific habitat requirements. The No

Many species of mammals have been shown to modify their behavior in response to olfactory cues of predator presence, but few studies have attempted to directly compare responses to different predators. In this study, we assessed the response of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to the ur

Hybridization between interspecific angiosperms is common, yet the initial stages are rare (REF- is this even true????). One of the factors that aeffects the rate of hybridization is the behavior of pollinators responsible for transferring pollen and fertilizing the flowers – only for some plants. P

Restoration Ecology is the science of techniques in which environmental degradation can be reversed and the previously existing ecosystems can be reestablished. Revegetation is a common restoration technique and I chose to investigate whether it could be applied to disturbed areas in high-altitude m

Global climate change is predicted to increase the intensity and frequency of future drought, which in turn may be expected to induce a range of biogeochemical climate feedbacks. A combination of model simulations and observational studies of a recent wide-scale drought, suggested that the drought i

The combined results of these experiments suggest that caddisfly distributions along permanence gradients depend on a suite of primary and secondary predator defenses that include larval and pupal case structure, predator-specific escape behaviors, and the phenology of larval development.

USDA/NRCS. November 1998.

Agreement among the United States of America, The CO state engineer, The CO River Water Conservation District, and the Upper Gunnison River Water Conservation District. December 24th 1998

Judith M. Smith. 1998.

Special Report The Denver Post Seth Borenstein December 16th 1998