Software for the correlation analysis featured in the above manuscript.

Balancing selection is frequently invoked as a mechanism to maintain variation within and across populations. However, rigorous tests demonstrating balancing selection operating in nature are scarce, particularly on complex traits, which frequently display high levels of variation. Leveraging a foca

One of the most interesting questions that ecologists strive to answer is how and why species diversity and richness amongst organisms varies across geographical regions. Of course, there are multiple possible factors that impact the patterns of species diversity but this study compounds data from h

Previous studies by Pyke et al. have shown that bumblebees exhibit behavior that is consistent with optimal foraging theory. In this most recent effort, bumblebees were observed foraging on vertical inflorescences and their behavior was compared to a predicted model that would result in a maximum ne

There are two types of cavity nesting birds: excavators and non-excavators. In the aspen (Populus tremuloides) woodlands of Colorado, the red-naped sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) is the predominant primary cavity nester. Sapsuckers excavate new holes each year in trees infected with the heartwood

As secondary cavity-nesters, mountain bluebirds are limited in their selection of nest sites by the choices of primary (excavating) cavity nesters. In the aspen forests of Colorado, red-naped sapsuckers are the primary excavators and several species depend on sapsucker nest cavities for their own ne

Nectar robbing can affect both male and female components of plant reproduction. To understand the mechanisms driving those plant-reproductive outcomes, I studied the effects of nectar robbing on pollen deposition and pollinator behavior in the hummingbird-pollinated host plant Ipomopsis aggregata.

Nutrient supply into an ecosystem is an important factor that can influence its productivity. While some nutrients enter the ecosystem from external sources, cycling of nutrients internally can also be an important process in determining nutrient supply. In this study I examined the role of benthic

Innumerable floral traits have been ascribed adaptive significance via a variety of mechanisms. One such trait is herkogamy, the spatial separation of the stigma and anthers. In self-incompatible plants, herkogamy is thought to reduce sexual interference, defined as any situation in which one sex fu

Wetland nutrient cycling occurs through complex feedback mechanisms and dynamic inter- and intra-species interactions. In the shallow, oligotrophic ponds at the Mexican Cut Nature Preserve, near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in the Elk Mountains of Western Colorado, detritovore caddisfly

Colorado Environment. 2000.

James Webb Colorado Water Workshop July 28th 2000

Colorado River Conservation District March 16th 2000

Peter F. Guerrero. United States General Accounting Office. July 21, 2000.