Between-individual variation in phenotypes within a population is the basis of evolution. However, evolutionary and behavioural ecologists have mainly focused on estimating between-individual variance in mean trait and neglected variation in within-individual variance, or predictability of a trait.

This package contains all reactive transport simulation outputs used in "Modeling the impact of riparian hollows on river corridor nitrogen exports" (Rogers, D.B., et al., 2021). The simulation outputs reflect hydrological and biogeochemical behavior of a single, generalized riparian hollow located

AbstractHabitat selection may have population level consequences and ultimately may influence a population's local persistence or extinction. We capitalized on a long‐term study (1962–2004) of yellow‐bellied marmotsMarmota flaviventrisin and around the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, C

Hummingbirds, with their impressive flight ability and competitive aerial contests, make ideal candidates for applying a mechanistic approach to studying community structure. Because flight costs are influenced by abiotic factors that change systematically with altitude, elevational gradients provid

Many studies have looked at intraspecific competition between larva and adults, paedmorphic and metamorphic Ambystoma tigrinum. None, however, none have looked at male vs. female competition. In this experiment, twelve females and twelve male tiger salamanders were observed foraging for caddisfly la

Animals frequently exhibit variation in their behavior. In the past this variation has been treated as statistical error, but research has identified correlated behaviors across contexts, referred to as behavioral syndromes. We focused on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) and examined vi

The invasion of the European perennial Linaria vulgaris to the alpine environment of Colorado may lead to competition for natural resources, space, and pollinators with native species. I measured the effects on fitness of L. vulgaris on three plant species native to Colorado, using both hand-pollina

Auditory, visual, and olfactory cues of predator presence create a landscape of fear for prey animals. Prey can respond to predation risk perceived from these cues by increasing vigilance, increasing group size, altering habitat use, and reducing activity times. State of the animal and predator type

There is evidence showing that large differences between age/sex categories in crown morphology of white-crowned sparrows are used to signal status. We investigated the role of more subtle crown characteristics, specifically the proportion of the crown that is white, as a signal used to mediate aggr

Yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris were live-trapped and marked in the East River Valley of Colorado from 1962 to 1998. For females, static life tables were calculated each year from 1967, when ages were well known, to 1997. Population density was determined, and from life tables calculatio

Habitat patches often differ in environmental conditions, and the degree of environmental heterogeneity among patches is thought to influence population dynamics at the regional (metapopulation) scale. In a previous study, I found evidence of a source– sink dynamic in a metapopulation of the mayfly

Many species use refugia to avoid predators, but remaining in a refuge is costly because foraging and engaging in other beneficial activities are curtailed while in a refuge. Thus, we expect that the duration of refuge use will be optimized. We tested a key prediction of this optimization hypothesis

This work focused on the individually distinctive calls of yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris, to describe attributes of individuals encoded in calls, and found significant potential information about identity, age and sex encode in calls.

SummaryIncreasing urbanization and recreational activities around and within biodiversity hotspots require an understanding of how to reduce the impacts of human disturbance on more than a single species; however, we lack a general framework to study multiple species. One approach is to expand on kn

Mayflies in high-elevation streams in Colorado are more vulnerable to risk of predation based on their relative drift propensisties. Baetis bicaudatis, a mayfly that has high drift propensity, has been shown to respond to predation risk by accelerating its metamorphosis into an adult, which results

Condition can influence many traits. I looked at how condition affects time allocation while foraging for yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) by taking two minute focal samples of adults and yearlings and recording their behavior. Each focal was paired with measurements of condition collec

Mammal mounds have been found to have diverse effects on vegetation. The area around yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) burrows was examined for different morphospecies and plant cover to find if diversity decreased near a burrow. Morphospecies were identified to family to look for trends