Protocols

Moths were attracted using blacklight on white sheet, collected manually, and processed for pollen load analysis using fuchsin jelly swabs examined under microscopy. Network analysis characterized pla...

Uses centimeter-precision GPS to map exact locations of all individuals in study plots, enabling calculation of population density and neighbor relationships. Plot sizes are adjusted to population cha...

Small-scale removal of invasive plant flowers to test effects on native plant pollination through paired treatment and control plots within experimental blocks. Invasive flowers were removed by clippi...

Standardized protocol to transfer dust from plant surfaces to microscope slides and count particles in defined areas under magnification. Used to calibrate experimental dust treatments against natural...

Post-pollination measurement of ovary size changes as a proxy for detecting fertilization events and ovule development. Uses standardized photography and image analysis to quantify ovary dimensions.

Controlled application of synthetic pinene enantiomers via cotton-filled microcentrifuge tube emitters to test effects of specific volatile compounds on insect oviposition behavior. Treatments applied...

Path analysis using structural equation modeling to test competing hypotheses about causal relationships between nectar traits, robbing, pollination, and fitness.

Method to quantify microbial load on different butterfly body parts by direct plating on agar media. Samples tarsi/proboscis by dragging across plate and thorax by washing technique.

Production of F2 hybrid generations with alternate cytoplasmic backgrounds through controlled hand-pollination crosses. Allows testing of cytoplasmic effects on physiological traits.

Controlled laboratory assay using prepared stigmas on growth medium to test pollen germination and tube growth across species boundaries. Stigmas are prepared from unopened buds, treated with pure pol...

Direct measurement of leaf stomatal conductance using porometer to assess plant water stress and physiological responses to watering treatments. Measured during flowering and early fruiting phases.

Experimental transplantation of completed mason bee nests from low to high elevation sites to test effects of season length and climate on offspring development. Uses trap-nest monitoring followed by ...

Acid digestion of plant and soil samples followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry to quantify metal concentrations in tissues. Standard laboratory protocol for elemental ana...

Systematic weekly monitoring of plant phenology, insect abundance, and herbivore impacts on Osha plants along established transects. Includes detailed counts of aphids, ants, and other insects on flow...

Comprehensive method for extracting quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloids from plant tissues using acid-base extraction followed by GC/FID and GC/MS analysis for identification and quantification.

A method for constructing plant-pollinator interaction networks at multiple temporal scales from temporally-explicit field observations. Networks are aggregated from daily observations to weekly, mont...

Linear regression analyses testing relationships between daily temperature deviations and hummingbird visitation rates. Multiple analytical approaches including yearly regressions, temperature binning...

Seed-burial and greenhouse germination experiments to estimate seed bank-related vital rates including seed germination and stasis.

Transcriptomic analysis of whirling disease-resistant rainbow trout to understand gene expression patterns related to resistance.