Protocols

Integration of ground-based GPR, manual measurements, and airborne sensors for comprehensive snow property mapping. Combines high-precision point measurements with spatially extensive remote sensing d...

Comprehensive ground-based cloud property retrieval using Ka-band radar for cloud boundaries, multifilter radiometry and sun photometry for optical thickness, and thermodynamic profiling for phase det...

Tethered balloon system flights carrying aerosol instruments vertically through the atmospheric column to generate profiles of particle concentrations with altitude. Pseudo vertical columns are constr...

High-resolution scanning X-band radar system providing detailed precipitation measurements with dual-polarization capability. Performs volume scans and targeted range-height indicator scans for proces...

Fresh plant tissue is collected during peak hydration, weighed fresh, dried at controlled temperature, then reweighed to calculate water content as the difference between wet and dry weights.

High spectral resolution lidar measurement of aerosol backscatter profiles to detect aerosol layer boundaries and depth. Uses Haar Wavelet transform gradient detection to identify significant changes ...

Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer (POPS) measurements of light scattering by particles passing through a laser beam to determine particle size distributions from 140 nm to 3.4 μm diameter. Instru...

Retrieval of vertical temperature and water vapor profiles using infrared spectroscopy with optimal estimation physical retrieval method. Provides high temporal resolution (5-minute) profiles with det...

Remote sensing of atmospheric infrared radiances using Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST) in wavenumber range 612-905.4 cm-1.

Continuous measurements of surface energy budget, momentum flux, meteorology and soil properties using an atmospheric surface flux station. Data collected at 1-minute averages and 20 Hz resolution for...

Upward-facing MFRSR measures downwelling irradiance through sequential observations reconstructed from irradiances during various shadowband positions.

Thermistor chain with 2 cm spacing configured for terrestrial snowpack to measure continuous snow temperature profiles. Chain installed suspended from tripod with heating cycles to measure temperature...