Concepts

The combining of information from multiple sensory modalities that influences decision-making

The downstream transport and repeated cycling of nutrients through uptake and release in stream ecosystems

Infection by internal parasites including blood-borne trypanosomes and intestinal parasites that can affect host behavior and physiology

Behavioral patterns of wasps that parasitize other arthropods, particularly aphids

Ecological relationships between bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts involving infection, replication, and lysis or lysogeny

The removal of phosphorus from the water column by organisms for metabolic processes

Reduction in photosynthetic efficiency due to excess light exposure

Use of plants to remove contaminants from soil

Changes in rock porosity and permeability due to mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions during weathering

Physical and thermodynamic processes that alter snowpack isotopic composition after initial deposition, including sublimation, vapor exchange, and melt-freeze cycles

Interspecific interactions between caddisfly larvae and their predators affecting case size and behavior

The production of organic compounds by autotrophic organisms, measured here through chlorophyll-a concentration

Crosses between two species where each species serves as both maternal and paternal parent, allowing study of cytoplasmic inheritance effects

The reducing or oxidizing capacity of a system that determines a river or floodplain's ability to break down waste products and recycle carbon and nutrients

Lateral movement of river channels through erosion and deposition processes over time

DNA amplification technique that amplifies circular DNA templates using phi29 DNA polymerase

The movement of eroded soil and rock particles by water flow

Evolutionary changes in sex-determining chromosomes including fusion events and differentiation from autosomes

Overland flow that occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the rate at which water can enter the soil

Direct transition of snow from solid to vapor phase, important for water balance in mountain watersheds

Learning that occurs through observation or interaction with other individuals

Ability of models to predict across different spatial domains and time points using information from multiple locations and times

Sound production in insects by rubbing body parts together, in burying beetles occurs when plectrum on elytra rubs against par stridens on abdomen

When clustered plants experience facilitative interactions that cause leaves to be cooler relative to surrounding soils

Cycles of sea level rise and fall that control sediment deposition patterns in marine basins

Moving native plants from one location to establish them in a disturbed site as a revegetation technique

The sharing of liquid food resources between nestmates through specialized anatomical and behavioral adaptations

Ecological interactions between hoofed mammals and aspen trees including herbivory effects on tree health and forest composition