Concepts

The excretion of sugar-rich liquid waste by herbivorous hemipterans feeding on plant sap

Physiological responses of the immune system to pathogens, trauma, stress and inflammation

Sampling methods that result in the death of collected organisms, potentially affecting population abundance and community structure

An individual's development from egg to adult

Distance range that maximizes pollen fertilization success and offspring survival

Loss of ovules to unfit heterospecific pollen that successfully reaches and occupies ovules but fails to produce viable offspring

Mechanism where state and behavior mutually reinforce each other, measured as positive correlation between individual intercept and slope in random regression models.

Period required for sagebrush to recover to pre-fire conditions after burning

Oxygen-containing reactive molecules with considerable environmental importance due to their high reactivity in mediating redox transformations

The positive feedback mechanism where reduced snow cover lowers surface albedo, increasing absorption and further reducing snow cover

Integration of time-series data across different temporal resolutions and scales

Input of terrestrial invertebrates into aquatic food webs providing energy to aquatic predators

The ability of bumble bees to regulate internal body temperature through muscle contraction

Requirement for extended cold treatment to trigger flowering in some plant species

Keeping students engaged and continuing in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields

The increase in mortality with age, showing broad variation at the intraspecific level

A brief but generalized sickness syndrome triggered by bacterial infections and LPS injection

Selection pressures that oppose each other within or between levels of biological organization

Growth of new aspen trees through sexual reproduction (seeds) or asexual reproduction (suckering from root systems)

Non-random mating where individuals preferentially mate with similar individuals

Growth pattern characterized by an initial period of mass gain followed by stabilization before hibernation entry

The accumulation of substances like sodium in organisms through their food chain, allowing carnivores to obtain adequate salt from prey

The sequential development of microbial communities on substrates following disturbance

Communication between the central and enteric nervous systems as a potential mechanism for microbiome-behavior relationships

Pollination behavior where bumblebees make vibrations that knock pollen out of plant anthers, fertilizing the plant and allowing quicker seed and fruit production