Concepts

The practice of providing research data to other investigators upon request or through formal agreements

Process of bringing rocks from depth to the surface through erosional unroofing

The downward movement of water from surface water to groundwater, occurring through infiltration and percolation processes and declining under warming due to increased evapotranspiration

Winter survival strategy of some small mammals that may affect their vulnerability to avalanche disturbance depending on burrow depth and emergence timing

Rate laws governing the chemical breakdown of primary minerals as functions of temperature, pH, and saturation state

Spread of disease between individuals through various mechanisms including spore dispersal

Behavioral and physiological mechanisms whereby group-living animals share body heat to reduce thermoregulatory costs

Transmission of parasites among individuals within social mammalian groups

Attenuation and degradation of sound over distance due to atmospheric absorption, ground attenuation, signal scattering, and deflection by layered surfaces

Transmission of endosymbionts from mother to clonal offspring through the maternal lineage.

A small chemical modification that occurs in most cytosines that are followed by a guanine (CpGs) in mammalian genomes, serving as an epigenetic marker.

Selection pressure from non-biological environmental factors such as rain or wind

Mechanisms used by individuals to convey different cues to others, including color, vocal cues, body language, and biofluorescence

Differences in environmental conditions and species composition between north and south-facing slopes

Internal biological timing system that maintains rhythmicity in a wide range of behavioral, physiological, and metabolic processes

Vegetative reproduction producing genetically identical individuals, characteristic of quaking aspen forming cohesive clones with limited spatial interdigitation

Physiological and behavioral adaptations to minimize energy expenditure

The temporal progression and patterns of disease spread through host populations

Improvement in population fitness through the introduction of new genetic material

Forward movement of ice sheets that leave behind terminal moraines and other glacial deposits

Fragmented vegetation structure affecting bird population abundances and foraging opportunities