Concepts

Higher frequency of movement into and out of habitat patches, as indicated by more abandoned middens in smaller patches

Risk of being consumed by predators, which differs between fish-containing and fishless streams

The clustering of prey organisms in particular locations or habitats

Bee social organization with multiple broods per year, cooperative breeding, and castes, but with small morphological differences between castes compared to fully eusocial species.

Developmental hijacking where infected plants produce bright yellow flower-like clusters that mimic co-occurring blooms to attract pollinators for pathogen reproduction

A form of supplemental feeding for nectivorous Lepidoptera to acquire necessary mineral nutrients, primarily sodium, that are otherwise absent from their nectar diets

Plant defense that reduces but does not eliminate herbivore performance, mediated by multiple genes with additive effects

Species characterized by low local abundance and small geographic range size

Sharp redox gradients that favor the generation of ROS, created by mixing between waters with largely different chemical compositions

Non-majority spatially heterogeneous soil volumes possessing conditions differing from the bulk matrix, where internal oxygen consumption exceeds the rate of oxygen supply

Difference in genetic relatedness that workers have to brothers versus sisters due to haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera

Undergraduate research programs conducted entirely or primarily at a distance using online technologies and virtual interactions

Seasonal changes in ant colony composition between sexual and worker ant production phases

Remnant of previous day's mixed layer that persists aloft after surface cooling and formation of stable nocturnal boundary layer

The availability of food resources which may affect severity of ectoparasitic infestation, manipulated through food supplementation treatments

Lobate or tongue-shaped masses of rock and ice that form under cold climates in alpine regions and at high latitudes

Plant architecture where leaves are arranged in a circular pattern close to the ground before bolting

Weathered bedrock zone between soil and unweathered bedrock that retains original rock structure

The temporal patterns of GPS satellite accessibility affecting positioning accuracy

Networks where the degree distribution follows a power law, giving similar properties such as robustness to random removal of individuals

Periods when remote ecosystems become inaccessible due to winter conditions like snow and ice cover

Variations in water quality concentrations due to observed seasonal streamflow fluctuations, with smaller concentrations noted through the 1980-81 period for sampling sites downstream from mine draina...

A thing is self-similar if it does not vary over spatial scales

Differential responses between sexes to environmental variation potentially creating imbalance in the frequency of males and females

Marked differences between sexes in immune response, with males often having smaller spleens and higher testosterone levels linked to immunosuppression

Temporal coordination of different signal components within multimodal displays

Networks with a combination of highly clustered subgroups and short average path lengths, efficient for communication

Spatial fragmentation of snow cover, referring to patchiness conditions

The ability of individuals to move up or down in socioeconomic status within their lifetime

Organization of individuals within populations based on family groups and territorial patterns

Loss of biodiversity and decreased soil nitrogen retention when nitrogen availability exceeds plant demand

Bee species where females provision individual nests independently, comprising over 85% of bee species but receiving less research attention than eusocial species.

Herbivorous insects that have evolved to feed on glucosinolate-producing plants without deleterious consequences

When species limit the abundance or occurrence of other resources or hinder an ecosystem process or human activity

Retention of viable sperm in female spermatheca after mating for extended periods allowing delayed fertilization

Unexpected or sudden changes over time in time series, representing shifts in temporal patterns of meteorological variables