The waveform Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in this package were generated through a National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) acquisition over watersheds of interest surrounding Crested Butte, Colorado. The remote sensing imagery acquired by the NEON

The waveform Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in this package were generated through a National Ecological Observatory Network Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) acquisition over watersheds of interest surrounding Crested Butte, Colorado. The remote sensing imagery acquired by the NEON

Understanding the functional impacts of pollinator species losses on plant populations is critical given ongoing pollinator declines. Simulation models of pollination networks suggest that plant communities will be resilient to losing many or even most of the pollinator species in an ecosystem. Thes

The nonlinearity and arousal hypothesis predicts that highly aroused mammals will produce nonlinear, noisy vocalizations. We tested this prediction by measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (GCMs) in adult yellow-bellied marmots ( Marmota flaviventris ), and asking if variation in GCMs was posi

Play has been defined as apparently functionless behaviour, yet since play is costly, models of adaptive evolution predict that it should have some beneficial function (or functions) that outweigh its costs. We provide strong evidence for a long-standing, but poorly supported hypothesis: that early

Individuals of many species produce distinctive vocalizations that may relay potential information about the signaller. The alarm calls of some species have been reported to be individually specific, and this distinctiveness may allow individuals to access the reliability or kinship of callers. Whil

Ecological factors explain variation in sociality both within and between species of marmots—large alpine ground squirrels. Fifty years of study, by me and my colleagues, of the yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, near Crested Butte, CO, USA, ha

Conservation of marmots, large ground-dwelling squirrels restricted to the northern hemisphere, was impacted by direct human activity through hunting or modifying ecosystem dynamics. Regulating human activities reduced the threat of extinction. Climate change, an indirect human impact, threatens mar

Foraging behavior of pollinators is an extensively researched topic. Research on bee, butterfly, and hummingbird foraging behavior has led to a greater understanding of the impacts of plant community composition on foraging behavior. This research has been further enhanced by fly foraging behavior a

Global climate change will likely result in warmer, dryer environments and influence the behavior and development of a number of species. Asynarchus nigriculus is a species of caddisfly whose larval stage lives exclusively in temporary ponds where they develop synchronously and quickly before the po

Natal dispersal is a primary force in shaping ecological processes and population dynamics. There are several costs to the disperser that may be outweighed by potential benefits, including increased resources or access to mates in a new population site. Personality types or behavioral syndromes appe

With human population on the rise, human presence in wildlife areas will rise along side it. The study of how human activity is affecting wild animals in any and all aspects is of vast importance. This growing overlap is due to effect both sides of the issue, the humans and the animals. My study foc

Many, but not all, animals respond to the sounds of their predators to assess predation risk. For those that can, does this ability persist after a predator has gone extinct? Are all predatory species equally likely to generate antipredator responses? And, more generally, what are the proximate mech

Play has been defined as apparently functionless behavior, yet since play is costly, it must have some function (or functions) to outweigh its costs. We provide the strongest evidence for a long-standing, but poorly supported hypothesis: that early play is practice for later dominance relationships.

While the impacts of pollinator species on selection for floral traits in angiosperms are relatively well-studied, less is known about the contributions of herbivores towards selection on floral traits. We investigated the relationship among a variety of floral traits (including volatile emissions a

The ontogeny of personality traits is crucial to understanding their ecological significance but has not yet been well-studied. We examined the development of two traits that are commonly correlated in a syndrome, boldness and aggression, in a long-term study of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmot flaviv