truly said that we have witnessed the process of evolution from the beginning, dull though our perception of it may have been.

on the staff of the general commanding the Department of the Missouri, reports that but little progress has been made during the past year in the preparation of maps, or in the examination and survey of new country. Wantof means and small number of troops in the department available for marches or s

Tuts volume is the outgrowth of over eight years' experience in inter-mountain horticulture. From the nature of our work, much time has been spent in orchards in the various districts, and Mr. Whipple, in the capacity of Field Agent in Horticulture, has been stationed for the _ past three years at G

AbstractThe North Fork of Clear Creek (NFCC), Colorado, is an acid‐mine‐drainage‐impacted stream typical of many mountain surface waters affected by historic metal mining in the western United States. The stream is devoid of fish primarily because of high metal concentrations in the water (e.g., cop

Abstract In mountainous watersheds, floodplain sediments are typically characterized by gravel bed layers capped by an overlying soil unit that serves as a hotspot for biogeochemical reactivity. However, the influence of soil biogeochemistry on gravel bed underflow composition remains unclear, espec

Estimating snow mechanical properties – such as elastic modulus, stiffness, and strength – is important for understanding how effectively a vehicle can travel over snow-covered terrain. Vehicle instrumentation data and observations of the snowpack are valuable for improving the estimates of winter v

Adaptation of E. minimus to the semiarid habitat has involved changes in response to acute and chronic heat and water stress which increase the time the chipmunks can survive exposures to high ambient temperature, regardless of water availability.

Increased drought and temperatures associated with climate change have implications for ecosystem stress with risk for enhanced carbon release in sensitive biomes. Litter decomposition is a key component of biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, but questions remain regarding the local re

The United States Supreme Court settled legal disputes concerning four different Larimer County (Colorado) locations where water is moved by gravity across the high elevation North Platte-South Platte River drainage divide, which begins as a triple drainage divide with the Colorado River at Thunder

Understanding Historical Changes in the Flow of the Colorado River; Boulder, Colorado, 24–25 September 2018

Although we found some evidence for the effect of a biotic interaction depending on abiotic conditions, it was only for one aspect of reproduction in one species, and it was in an unexpected direction. Our work highlights interactions between the abiotic and biotic components of the environment as a

Life histories of three species of Corixidae found only at altitudes over 2800 m were compared. The number of generations per year varied with altitude. Callicorixa audeni Hung. and Cenocorixa bifida Hung. had two or more generations a summer in montane ponds (below 3100 m) and only one generation a

The 1922 Colorado River Compact ignored available science and overallocated the river’s water, a decision whose effects reverberate today. Now there’s an opportunity to get things right.

Abstract Body condition is an important life history challenge that directly impacts individual fitness and is particularly important for hibernating animals, whose maintenance of adequate body fat and mass is essential for survival. It is well documented that symbiotic microorganisms play a vital r

Quantifying physiological stress in wild animals is essential for understanding their health, reproductive success, and survival in a variable environment. The yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer) study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory near Crested Butte, Colorado, USA is the world

Abstract Climate change can impact plant fitness and population persistence directly through changing abiotic conditions and indirectly through its effects on species interactions. Pollination and seed predation are important biotic interactions that can impact plant fitness, but their impact on pop