The Early and Middle Proterozoic rocks in the Needle Mountains include three distinct rock sequences (1) multiply deformed bimodal metavolcanic rocks, related sedimentary rocks, and plutonio units, all metamorphosed to medium grade; (2) multiply deformed clastic sedimentary rocks metamorphosed to lo

The ability to inhibit Bacillus cereus decreased in extracts from plants harvested from high light environments, which follows plant defense theory, and harvest sustainability in L. porteri is equivocal among the light environments examined in this study, although some medicinal properties vary.

Abstract Obtaining body condition is an important life history challenge that directly impacts individual fitness and is particularly important for hibernating animals, whose maintenance of adequate body fat and mass is essential for survival. It is well-documented that host-associated microorganism

Climate change is disrupting floral traits that mediate mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions. Plastic responses of these traits to multiple shifting conditions may be adaptive, depending on natural selection in new environments. We manipulated snowmelt date over three seasons (3-11 d ea

Corydalis caseana ssp. brandegei (Fumariaceae) is a perennial plant that grows in moist, subalpine regions of south central Colorado, USA. Prior to this study, nothing was known of its reproductive biology. The most numerous visitors (59%), and the only known pollinators, were long-tongued bumblebee

On the Ground To be successful, producers must interpret environmental stimuli and respond with management actions that help match their production operations to the ecosystem services they depend on. Climate change, and the increased variability that will likely result, may lessen the relevance of

Abstract. Estimating snow mass in the mountains remains a major challenge for remote-sensing methods. Airborne lidar can retrieve snow depth, and some promising results have recently been obtained from spaceborne platforms, yet density estimates are required to convert snow depth to snow water equiv

Since the Roberts Ranch Buffalo Jump (5LR100) was first reported on in 1971, there has been a great deal of research on bison kills and faunal analysis, as well as advancements in analytic techniques, that can now be applied to the collection from the site. Much of the collection was reported in a t

necessary for the appear- ance of a new American Bird-book.Mine must be that the only complete work on Colorado Birds is that of Cooke, which, though brought up-to-date by successive supplements, is now out of print and very difficult to obtain.Moreover, Cooke gives no descriptions or keys, so that

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRobert StouferRobert Stoufer, a long-time mineral collector, owns a mineral and gift shop in Ouray, Colorado.Tom RosemeyerTom Rosemeyer, owner of Red Mountain Exploration, writes the "Through the 'Sco

In the Colorado River, hydrologic and legal conditions create difficulty in sharing water effectively and equitably during a deep 22-year drought. Demand outstrips supply, water entitlements are over-appropriated, and institutional arrangements are nearly gridlocked. The crisis poses challenges not

Abstract Species that hibernate live longer than would be expected based solely on their body size. Hibernation is characterized by long periods of metabolic suppression (torpor) interspersed by short periods of increased metabolism (arousal). The torpor-arousal cycles occur multiple times during hi

AbstractFitness trade‐offs are a foundation of ecological and evolutionary theory because trade‐offs can explain life history variation, phenotypic plasticity, and the existence of polyphenisms.Using a 32‐year mark‐recapture dataset on lifetime fitness for 1093 adult Arizona tiger salamanders (Ambys

Psychological stress induced by exposure to predators has complex effects on the behaviour and physiology of prey species. This includes potential influences on gene expression mediated via stress-responsive physiological pathways such as the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus–pituitary–adr

BENT, A. C. 1942. Life histories of North American flycatchers, larks, swallows and their allies. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 179. BUDD, L. F., R. B. AREND, J. W. HURST, AND V. H. ANDERSON. 1979. Fort Bliss environmental analysis and impact assessment. Photographic Interpretation Corporation, Hanover, New

Experimental ecologists have frequently used cages to facilitate their understanding of ecological systems. This has been particularly true of ecologists studying aphids and other small insects, and a variety of cage designs have been described, ranging from small screened tents to sleeve cages to c