Data set to accompany the paper " Extensive regional variation in the phenology of insects and their response to temperature across North America" published in Ecology (2023) See below for a full list of authors and addresses. Authors are also listed in the main data file, "Malaise_trap_Data_2019-20

Climate change is likely to alter both flowering phenology and water availability for plants. Either of these changes alone can affect pollinator visitation and plant reproductive success. The relative impacts of phenology and water, and whether they interact in their impacts on plant reproductive s

Osmia is a genus of solitary, cavity-nesting bees which will readily nest in artificial nest- blocks. Nest-blocks (or “trap-nests”) have long been used to study cavity-nesting bees and have recently been popularized for conserving bees in urban and agricultural systems. What attributes of the nest-b

Mountain white-crowned sparrows’ (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha; hereafter MWCS) diet fluctuates across seasons given their changing nutrient requirements across life stages and environment. Insect population densities may influence the daily nest survival of MWCS who depend upon these organisms a

Bumble bees (​Bombus ​spp.) are eusocial insects that typically consist of three castes, with each caste emerging and foraging at different times. Bumble bee queens and workers differ morphologically in several measurable traits, but morphological variation within species and within caste has not be

Reproductive timing is an important determinant of offspring success which ultimately contributes to an individual’s overall fitness. In seasonal environments with short growing seasons, organisms must time reproductive activity so that offspring experience relatively high levels of resource abundan

In the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, changes in the availability of floral resources through the growing season may affect the ability of bumble bee colonies to successfully complete their life cycle and produce reproductive individuals in the season’s end. A way bees could potentially deal with this

Climate warming affects the phenology, abundance and distributions of plants and pollinators. Despite this, there is still limited knowledge on how temperature affects plant- pollinator mutualisms. The ongoing project with Dr. Rebecca E. Irwin in collaboration with David Inouye has been gathering da

Mutualistic interactions are ubiquitous in nature. These type of interactions generally provide benefits to interacting species. Insects and plants are commonly involved in diverse forms of mutualism, however little is known if genetic variation among plants allows for a positive symbiosis with arth

Mutualistic interactions between flowering plants and bees are a pairwise interaction, but exist in a network of similar interactions (Bronstein, 2001). The outcomes of these interactions differ, for example, the costs and benefits for flowering plants caused by floral visitors (Bronstein, 2001). Lu

Nectar robbing is a process used by various insects to retrieve nectar from flowers that would otherwise be inaccessible. The community-level consequences of nectar robbing have not been widely studied, and the differences between primary and secondary robbing have been studied even less. Fitness co

ABSTRACT Microbial communities are shaped by interactions among their constituent members. Some Gram-negative bacteria employ type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to inject protein toxins into neighboring cells. These interactions have been theorized to affect the composition of host-associated microbi

Global change drivers, in particular climate change, exotic species introduction, and habitat alteration, affect insect pollinators in numerous ways. In response, insect pollinators show shifts in range and phenology, interactions with plants and other taxa are altered, and in some cases pollination

Jane E. Ogilvie,1,2* Climate change can influence consumer populations both directly, by affecting survival and repro- Sean R. Griffin,1,3 duction, and indirectly, by altering resources. However, little is known about the relative impor- Zachariah J. Gezon,1,4,5 tance of direct and indirect effects,

The interactions between floral resource phenology, bee foraging behaviour, and traits such as diet breadth, sociality, and body size are discussed and greater use of information contained in museum collections on bee phenologies and floral hosts is encouraged.