The overwhelming majority of research on wild bumble bees has focused on the social colony stage. Nest-founding queens in the early season are difficult to study because incipient nests are challenging to find in the wild, and the foundress queen's flight period is very short relative to the entire

File: Peng_et_al._20206.zip Description: There are three folders here. The Data folder contains the raw specimen phenology data and the RMBL phenology data. The Analyses folder contains the data frames used to build the linear mixed-effects models. The Codes folder contains R codes

This work focused on the individually distinctive calls of yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris, to describe attributes of individuals encoded in calls, and found significant potential information about identity, age and sex encode in calls.

The fitness of the non-feeding adult caddisfly, Asynarchus nigriculus is largely dependent on the accumulation of nutrients during its larval stage. The energy obtained during this time is then allocated into growth and development for the adult insect. This allocation of energy may be constrained b

I investigated the pollination ecology of Cardamine. Cordifolia, and how pollinators affected fruit and seed production especially in relation to variation in herbivory and habitat type in 2 different sites. Site 1 was more exposed to the sunlight and site 2 was less exposed to the sunlight. I inves

A 14 year warming experiment being conducted in a subalpine meadow has resulted in several physical changes, including advanced date of snowmelt, a decrease in soil moisture, and increased soil temperature in heated plots versus control plots. These microclimate changes have led to a shift in plant

Mayflies in high-elevation streams in Colorado are more vulnerable to risk of predation based on their relative drift propensisties. Baetis bicaudatis, a mayfly that has high drift propensity, has been shown to respond to predation risk by accelerating its metamorphosis into an adult, which results

Albinos plants are usually discriminated by their pollinators. Exist the possibility that other pollinator drive a reproductive isolation on this plants. To observe if an albino of a plant commonly pollinated by hummingbirds can be selected by other pollinator we used the F1s of albinos of Ipomopsis

Many aphid species, on a wide variety of plants, are tended by ants. We tested whether the relationship between the ant species Formica obscuripes and an aphid species on rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) was a mutualism and, if so, whether it was obligate or facultative. Using a fully facto

The Red-naped sapsucker creates a nest cavity in aspen woodlands each year, required by other bird spp. for nesting, and spends much of its foraging time in willow wetlands. This study attempted to determine a) how does proximity of potential nest trees to forest edge and willows affect the sapsucke

I studied survivorship from the period of egg laying to winter diapause in a population of E. gillettii (Nymphalidae). I investigated if fitness, in the context of hatching and succesful development to diapause was related to egg cluster size, habitat parameters, or both, and if there were factors a

Unlike individually distinctive contact calls, or calls that aid in the recognition of young by their parents, the function or functions of individually distinctive alarm calls is less obvious. We conducted three experiments to study the importance of caller reliability in explaining individual-disc

It is shown that individuals are able to identify when young, and presumably vulnerable, marmots are calling, and to respond by engaging in vigilance and to discriminate between at least one broad age–sex category.

Dr. Ruth L. Willey, Senior Investigator at Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Land Management. September 29, 1999.