Mutualistic networks are key for the creation and maintenance of biodiversity, yet are threatened by global environmental change. Most simulation models assume that network structure remains static after species losses, despite theoretical and empirical reasons to expect dynamic responses. We assess

Incidence of parasitism by sapygid wasps on species of Osmia using different types of pollen, based on trapnests established at multiple field sites between 2008 and 2015. Please consult the ReadMe file for details.

To determine whether floral part numbers (merism) vary over time within inflorescences, we scored merism of the petals, sepals, stamens, and carpels of all flowers on the same 10 plants of Ipomopsis aggregata in three Colorado populations weekly through most of the 1984 flowering season. At least on

Rates of ingestion of sucrose varied with sucrose concentration and butterfly sex, age and size for Speyeria mormonia Edwards (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Peak rates of ingestion occurred between sucrose concentrations of 30% and 40%, as predicted by previous theory. Males fed at a faster rate than d

Apparent random spatial heterogeneity is expected if gene flow is extensive enough to prevent a rapid decline in genetic correlation with distance; it also might be promoted by a leapfrog pattern of gene flow.

We simulated pollination in a plant population and explored how pollen dispersal distance and allocation among recipient individuals evolved in response to direct selection on three loci coding for dispersal phenotype and in response to indirect selection on two unlinked "genetic congruence" loci. F