Invasive plants are hypothesized to have higher fitness in introduced areas due to their release from pathogens and herbivores and the relocation of resources to reproduction. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis in native and introduced regions. A biogeographical approach is fundamental

Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among trop

This work addressed if and how yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris, alarm-calling behaviour was influenced by the presence or absence of both descendent and nondescendent kin, by using total r as a measure of the opportunity for kin selection.

Yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota jlaviventris) conserve maintenance energy by reducing resting metabolic rate, decreasing conductance, avoiding thermal stress, by an annual cycle of metabolism, and by reducing metabolic rate and conductance following the mid summer molt. Male reproductive strategies

A number of hypotheses are presented to explain why the parasite causes increased predation on its host, including the large size of the parasite affecting the sensory abilities of the host, the larger energetic costs of escape behavior for parasitized individuals, and natural selection from fish pr