Protocols

Manual identification and curation of large genome fragments using GC content, coverage patterns, and taxonomic profiles to assemble complete extrachromosomal genomes.

Transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed under anoxic conditions using vacuum transfer holders to map elemental distributions in redox-sensitive particles.

Collection of sun-lit leaves from trees and shrubs using slingshots or pole clippers, with samples stored in polyethylene bags with damp paper towels to prevent water loss.