Protocols

Vegetation greenness assessment using Green Chromatic Coordinate as proxy for evapotranspiration rates. Calculates green reflectance normalized by total visible flux from masked vegetation areas.

Harmonized Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery processed through continental-scale algorithms to create vegetation index time series and estimate phenophase transition timing at 30 m resolution.

Long-term monitoring of subsurface temperatures in pika habitat using buried data loggers to characterize thermal stress and microclimate conditions.

Comprehensive approach calculating potential evapotranspiration using three established methods (Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Penman-Monteith) and actual evapotranspiration using the Budyko model. Provid...

Standardized eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy fluxes between ecosystems and atmosphere. Continuous automated measurements providing ground truth data for model t...

Stream discharge measurement using acoustic doppler velocimetry with systematic cross-sectional velocity measurements integrated to calculate total flow.

Calculation of potential solar radiation at study sites using topographic variables including sun angle, latitude, ground slope, local shading, and day length.

Collection and analysis of daily temperature data to calculate deviations from long-term averages. Multi-year averages are computed and compared to daily values to quantify temperature anomalies.

Small uncrewed aircraft systems equipped with pyranometers, multispectral cameras, and radiometers to map spatial variability in surface albedo, vegetation indices, and soil moisture. Flights timed to...

Automatic Identification Systems tracking vessel location and characteristics in real-time for traffic density analysis.

Uses ASTER thermal infrared data to identify areas of anomalous surface temperature. Areas with modeled temperatures between 1° and 2° above the mean are classified as weakly anomalous to anomalous.

Water level elevations obtained using barometric pressure from pressure transducers in wells, combined with TOC elevation and depth measurements.

Uses xESMF package to interpolate different UAS measurements to a common rectilinear grid, with bilinear interpolation for soil moisture and conservative interpolation for other variables.

Gap-filling areas outside Upper East River domain with interpolated data from 3m ASO DEM, harmonized with NEON DEM and filtered to remove small pits and peaks.

Data cleaning procedures including interpolation of missing values and setting snow depths to zero after depletion date.

Used optical instruments with lasers to measure size and fall speed of precipitation particles including raindrops, snowflakes, and hail.

CLAMPS2 Halo Streamline XR+ Doppler lidar directs beam to zenith for measurement of vertical velocity with range-resolved measurements of radial velocity, intensity and attenuated backscatter.

Correlation of daily flows with USGS stream gauge data and linear interpolation for ice-covered periods.

Time-lapse photography using Moultrie M40 cameras mounted at 45° angle to capture plot-level vegetation greenness and calculate Green Chromatic Coordinate values for phenology analysis.

Use of ground control points to associate calibration images and video to real-world distances and provide pixel ground scale distance for each video.

Laboratory method for sample preparation and analysis.

Creation of digital surface model from 2018 NEON Airborne Observation Platform dataset representing height above sea level for objects attached to the ground.

Composite gridded-image derived from 8-km resolution SST observations collected by AVHRR and HIRS instruments onboard NOAA and Metop-A satellites, generated every 48 hours for North America at 14 km r...

Marine scientists assign flags to data sets and WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values during secondary quality control.

Soil samples extracted into exchangeable, apatite, and silicate pools using different chemical solutions to isolate nutrient sources.

Flow lines derived in GRASS GIS using a single direction algorithm from hydrologically corrected digital elevation model to delineate watersheds draining at least 512000 square meters.

Continuous hourly monitoring of meteorological variables including wind, temperature, humidity, snowpack depth, and radiation components using tower-mounted instrumentation.

Excavation of soil pits and installation of sensors at 5, 15, and 50 cm depths with proper soil horizon replacement.

Rain measurements recorded via tipping bucket rain gauge, though may not be accurate for winter precipitation events like snow.

Soil moisture measurements using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) L-Band microwave radiometer flown on aerial platforms.

Collection of sea surface temperature, surface current, wind, and atmospheric pressure data from racing yacht during circumnavigation. Data collected using GPS, temperature sensors, Doppler velocity l...

Processing 8-km resolution observations into 100-km global gridded products. Daily generation of global temperature maps from satellite data.