Protocols

Systematic observation of plant-pollinator interactions along established transects with standardized time intervals to capture natural temperature variation. Pollinator specimens collected for identi...

Installation and monitoring of artificial wooden nesting-blocks with multiple cavity sizes to track solitary bee nesting activity, timing, and reproductive success. Involves regular visual monitoring ...

Quantitative analysis of pollen grain composition in bee provisions using compound microscopy. Pollen samples stained with fuchsin and examined at 100× magnification with systematic transect counting ...

Long-term systematic collection of first sighting and median activity dates for plants, insects, mammals, amphibians and birds in a high-elevation montane ecosystem. Standardized protocols track flowe...

Year-round automated temperature logging with HOBO sensors to detect snowmelt timing and calculate temperature-precipitation ratios during bee activity periods. Integrates with local weather station d...

Long-term standardized sampling of aerial insects using a single Malaise trap at a fixed location operated weekly throughout growing seasons. Insects are collected, dried, sorted taxonomically, counte...

Laboratory experiment transferring bee eggs between different pollen provision types to test effects on larval survival. Eggs moved between Taraxacum and native Asteraceae provisions in a balanced rec...

Floral resource availability was quantified by counting flowers while walking in progressively larger circles from a central point until reaching 100 flowers or 100m radius. Density was calculated as ...

Using Generalized Additive Models to estimate emergence, peak, and senescence timing from sparse time-series abundance data. Models fit abundance curves and extract phenological metrics from first and...

Standard protocol for preserving unidentifiable specimens in ethanol, followed by pinning and taxonomic identification in laboratory conditions.

Analysis of larval fecal pellets to assess digestive efficiency by measuring frass mass relative to provision mass and quantifying undigested pollen grains using microscopy and staining techniques.

Annual one-day survey of breeding birds conducted in mid-June where multiple observer groups systematically record all birds detected by sight or sound across five areas in Gothic, Colorado over a 5-h...

Laboratory feeding trials exposing individual bumblebee workers to alkaloid-enriched sucrose solutions followed by behavioral activity scoring to assess direct consumptive effects of nectar alkaloids.

Bayesian mixed effects modeling of body size distributions using four statistical moments (mean, variance, skew, kurtosis) to characterize trait filtering processes. Uses robust measures and hierarchi...

Statistical approach to identify correlations between species traits and environmental variables by calculating Pearson correlations between climate variables and trait values across species, weighted...

Systematic search and evaluation of published literature examining relationships between phenological shifts and demographic consequences using specific search criteria in Web of Science.

Standardized biochemical assays for quantifying protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content in pollen samples. Uses Bradford assay for proteins and sulfo-phospho-vanillin and anthrone-sulfuric acid assay...

Laboratory-controlled temperature treatments using paired experimental boxes in contrasting thermal environments to test effects of temperature on insect development rates and voltinism.

Statistical method to compare species richness across samples with different sampling efforts by generating rarefaction curves. Uses individual-based approach to generate rate of visitor richness accu...

Compilation and processing of NOAA weather data for degree-day calculations from 1950-2015. Temperature data aggregation for thermal ecology analysis.

Light intensities in lux recorded using HOBO data-loggers from 2008-2010. Readings taken exactly hourly at trap-nest sites.