Protocols

Multi-temporal soil moisture measurements using TDR probe combined with soil coring and laboratory processing to determine moisture content, bulk density, and texture characteristics across environmen...

Systematic excavation of 1-meter soil pits with depth-stratified sampling at 10 cm intervals for soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon analysis. Includes soil profile description...

Continuous automated monitoring of soil temperature, moisture, and gas concentrations at multiple depths using sensor arrays. Provides high-resolution temporal data on soil microenvironmental conditio...

Vegetation greenness assessment using Green Chromatic Coordinate as proxy for evapotranspiration rates. Calculates green reflectance normalized by total visible flux from masked vegetation areas.

Retrieval of vertical temperature and water vapor profiles using infrared spectroscopy with optimal estimation physical retrieval method. Provides high temporal resolution (5-minute) profiles with det...

Small uncrewed aircraft systems equipped with pyranometers, multispectral cameras, and radiometers to map spatial variability in surface albedo, vegetation indices, and soil moisture. Flights timed to...

Continuous measurements of surface energy budget, momentum flux, meteorology and soil properties using an atmospheric surface flux station. Data collected at 1-minute averages and 20 Hz resolution for...

Time-lapse photography using Moultrie M40 cameras mounted at 45° angle to capture plot-level vegetation greenness and calculate Green Chromatic Coordinate values for phenology analysis.

Rain measurements recorded via tipping bucket rain gauge, though may not be accurate for winter precipitation events like snow.

Soil moisture measurements using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) L-Band microwave radiometer flown on aerial platforms.