Concepts

Differences in chromosome copy number among individuals, specifically diploid (two copies) versus triploid (three copies) chromosome sets

Rapid, synchronous mortality of aspen across large areas characterized by gradual sudden aspen decline associated with recent drought and temperature stress

Variation in the strength or direction of ecological effects depending on environmental conditions or organism characteristics

Theory asserting that plant-pollinator interactions are neutral, random processes based on species abundances without considering traits or competitive dynamics

Vegetative reproduction producing genetically identical individuals, characteristic of quaking aspen forming cohesive clones with limited spatial interdigitation

Statistical modeling approach using spectral reflectance measurements to extrapolate functional trait values

Growth measurements adjusted to remove the effect of age-dependent growth patterns, allowing isolation of environmental factors on growth

Growth of new aspen trees through sexual reproduction (seeds) or asexual reproduction (suckering from root systems)

Influence of forest canopy openness on understory light availability and bee community composition

Process-based framework for understanding drivers of thermal offsets and thermal coupling strengths in leaves based on energy budget parameters

The ability of young trees to successfully establish and survive in a given environment

The branching network of veins within a leaf that transports water and nutrients, characterized by vein density measurements