Concepts

When a genotype produces different phenotypes under differing environmental conditions

Selection where individual fitness depends on the local frequency rather than global frequency, creating population structure with groups varying in genetic and phenotypic composition

Consumption of plant material by animals, measured as browse occurrence on host plants

An evolutionary process in which a population evolves to become more suited to its local environment through natural selection, resulting in higher fitness in the home environment compared to individu...

The proportion of phenotypic variation in a trait that is due to genetic variation, estimated using parent-offspring regression methods

The ability of organisms to adjust to changing climatic conditions through genetic, phenotypic, or behavioral changes

Experimental approach where organisms from different source populations are grown in different environments to test for local adaptation

The formation of new species involves divergence of phenotypes and development of reproductive isolation, where initial divergence results from divergent natural selection and reproductive isolation a...

The selection of specific plants by female insects for egg-laying that affects larval survival and development

A process by which adaptive evolutionary change occurs sufficiently rapidly to counteract a decline in population size under initially unfavorable conditions

Secondary metabolites that mediate interactions with herbivores and pathogens in Brassicaceae

Movement of genes between populations through migration and reproduction

Selection that maintains multiple alleles in a population at frequencies above those expected from mutation alone

Ability of forest ecosystems to maintain function during water-limited conditions through adaptive water use strategies

The study of traits controlled by multiple loci with continuous phenotypic distributions and measurable heritability

Predicts that fast-growing plants in high resource environments invest less in defense because they can easily regrow after herbivory

A gradual change in a trait across an environmental gradient, where width is expected to be proportional to dispersal distance divided by square root of difference in selection between ends of the cli...

When previously adaptive traits become maladaptive due to rapid environmental change, such that organisms are attracted to resources that reduce their fitness

Photosynthetically active radiation levels measured as percentage of full-sun radiation

The organization of genetic variation within and among populations, reflecting patterns of gene flow, drift, and selection

Statistical approach to identify genetic variants associated with traits by scanning the entire genome

Reciprocal antagonism between plant hormone pathways where jasmonic acid suppresses salicylic acid pathway and vice versa

Plant ability to produce new volatile organic compounds or change other chemical characteristics when damaged, with these chemicals communicating damage to other parts of the same plant and other plan...

Statistical model accounting for both fixed and random effects to analyze hierarchical or repeated measures data

How plant population density affects individual plant growth, morphology, and susceptibility to herbivory through competition and resource availability

When single genes or alleles influence multiple, seemingly unrelated traits

Chromosomes that determine sex, including different haplotypes in the sex-determining region

Females should choose nesting sites that best protect them and their offspring from severe or unpredictable weather events, such as extreme temperatures or high wind

Genetic variation maintained in populations by natural selection where different alleles are favored under different conditions

Biochemical pathway producing anthocyanin pigments responsible for purple coloration

Nutritional limitation during larval development that affects adult phenotype

Feeding behavior where insect larvae create tunnels within plant leaves between epidermal layers

Suite of plant responses to shade including stem elongation, reduced branching, and accelerated flowering to compete for light

A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population under certain conditions

Selection pressure from non-biological environmental factors such as rain or wind

Chromosomal rearrangement where a segment is reversed in orientation, potentially suppressing recombination and maintaining linkage between beneficial alleles

A computational method for simulating genealogies of sampled sequences under neutral evolution

An individual locus shows strong adaptive fitness effects in one habitat, but little or no cost in other habitats

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Limitations on evolutionary divergence imposed by genetic architecture and patterns of genetic covariation

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population

Computational model that simulates individual organisms and their life histories to understand population-level patterns

Measures of early-life performance that may predict later survival and reproductive success

Environmental gradient of light availability from open sun through intermediate shade to deep shade habitats

Study of how organisms obtain and use nutrients and how nutrition affects fitness

Oxygen-containing reactive molecules with considerable environmental importance due to their high reactivity in mediating redox transformations

Clustered viral sequences representing distinct viral taxa based on genomic similarity thresholds

The proportion of aliphatic GS derived from branched-chain amino acid (Val and Ile) precursors, representing quantitative trait variation controlled by known biosynthetic locus

Constancy index that distinguishes between complete constancy, random transitions, and complete inconstancy