Concepts

Duration that snowpack remains on the ground providing water inputs to trees

The combined process of water evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and water transpiration from plant leaves, representing a major component of the water budget that increases with warming tempera...

The depth of water that would result from melting the snowpack, quantified as peak snow water equivalent and snow disappearance rate

Proportion of area covered by snow

The ratio of streamflow produced per unit of monsoon precipitation input compared to other seasonal water sources

Statistical distribution describing the number concentration of particles as a function of their size

Mathematical equation describing water flow in partially saturated soils by relating volumetric soil water content to constitutive relations

A theoretical framework relating long-term evapotranspiration to water availability and atmospheric evaporative demand

High spatial resolution climate modeling at sub-kilometer scales for hydrological applications

Direct transition of snow from solid to vapor phase, important for water balance in mountain watersheds

The difference between observed streamflow and expected or baseline streamflow, representing water shortage

Estimates of precipitation amount derived from radar and other observational data