Concepts

The role of atmospheric aerosols in cloud formation and precipitation by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INPs)

Physical processes affecting snow particle formation, growth, and characteristics including aggregation, riming, sublimation, and fragmentation

Heat transfer through soil via molecular conduction

Large-scale atmospheric weather patterns that influence regional temperature and precipitation distributions

Process of using large-scale climate model outputs to generate local or regional scale climate projections

Transfer of sensible and latent heat between surface and atmosphere via turbulent mixing

The positive feedback mechanism where reduced snow cover lowers surface albedo, increasing absorption and further reducing snow cover