Concepts

Fungal symbionts that form specialized structures (arbuscules, vesicles) within plant root cells and are important for nutrient exchange

The identity and relative abundance of species within an ecological community

A group of fungal endophytes characterized by dark-pigmented, septate hyphae that commonly colonize plant roots and can increase under environmental stress

Taxa that are significantly associated with particular habitat conditions and can be used to assess ecosystem state or restoration success

A measure of the evolutionary history represented in an ecological community, calculated as the sum of branch lengths connecting species in a phylogenetic tree

Distribution of metabolic rates over individuals in a community, obtained by summing over abundance

Plot showing cumulative number of species discovered as a function of sampling effort, used to assess sampling completeness

Percentage of leaf area affected by pathogen symptoms including powdery mildew, rust, and other fungal diseases